ci: Bump version to 0.9.35 [skip ci]

.gitea/workflows/deploy-to-test.yml

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ jobs:
           REDIS_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.REDIS_PASSWORD_TEST }}
 
           # --- Integration test specific variables ---
-          FRONTEND_URL: 'http://localhost:3000'
+          FRONTEND_URL: 'http://example.com'
           VITE_API_BASE_URL: 'http://localhost:3001/api'
           GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.VITE_GOOGLE_GENAI_API_KEY }}
 
@@ -335,7 +335,8 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
           GITEA_SERVER_URL="https://gitea.projectium.com" # Your Gitea instance URL
-          COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log -1 --grep="\[skip ci\]" --invert-grep --pretty=%s)
+          # Sanitize commit message to prevent shell injection or build breaks (removes quotes, backticks, backslashes, $)
+          COMMIT_MESSAGE=$(git log -1 --grep="\[skip ci\]" --invert-grep --pretty=%s | tr -d '"`\\$')
           PACKAGE_VERSION=$(node -p "require('./package.json').version")
           VITE_APP_VERSION="$(date +'%Y%m%d-%H%M'):$(git rev-parse --short HEAD):$PACKAGE_VERSION" \
           VITE_APP_COMMIT_URL="$GITEA_SERVER_URL/${{ gitea.repository }}/commit/${{ gitea.sha }}" \
@@ -388,7 +389,7 @@ jobs:
           REDIS_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.REDIS_PASSWORD_TEST }}
 
           # Application Secrets
-          FRONTEND_URL: 'https://flyer-crawler-test.projectium.com'
+          FRONTEND_URL: 'http://example.com'
           JWT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.JWT_SECRET }}
           GEMINI_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.VITE_GOOGLE_GENAI_API_KEY_TEST }}
           GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY }}

docs/adr/0027-standardized-naming-convention-for-ai-and-database-types.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# ADR-027: Standardized Naming Convention for AI and Database Types
+
+**Date**: 2026-01-05
+
+**Status**: Accepted
+
+## Context
+
+The application codebase primarily follows the standard TypeScript convention of `camelCase` for variable and property names. However, the PostgreSQL database uses `snake_case` for column names. Additionally, the AI prompts are designed to extract data that maps directly to these database columns.
+
+Attempting to enforce `camelCase` strictly across the entire stack created friction and ambiguity, particularly in the background processing pipeline where data moves from the AI model directly to the database. Developers were unsure whether to transform keys immediately upon receipt (adding overhead) or keep them as-is.
+
+## Decision
+
+We will adopt a hybrid naming convention strategy to explicitly distinguish between internal application state and external/persisted data formats.
+
+1. **Database and AI Types (`snake_case`)**:
+   Interfaces, Type definitions, and Zod schemas that represent raw database rows or direct AI responses **MUST** use `snake_case`.
+   - *Examples*: `AiFlyerDataSchema`, `ExtractedFlyerItemSchema`, `FlyerInsert`.
+   - *Reasoning*: This avoids unnecessary mapping layers when inserting data into the database or parsing AI output. It serves as a visual cue that the data is "raw", "external", or destined for persistence.
+
+2. **Internal Application Logic (`camelCase`)**:
+   Variables, function arguments, and processed data structures used within the application logic (Service layer, UI components, utility functions) **MUST** use `camelCase`.
+   - *Reasoning*: This adheres to standard JavaScript/TypeScript practices and maintains consistency with the rest of the ecosystem (React, etc.).
+
+3. **Boundary Handling**:
+   - For background jobs that primarily move data from AI to DB, preserving `snake_case` is preferred to minimize transformation logic.
+   - For API responses sent to the frontend, data should generally be transformed to `camelCase` unless it is a direct dump of a database entity for a specific administrative view.
+
+## Consequences
+
+### Positive
+
+- **Visual Distinction**: It is immediately obvious whether a variable holds raw data (`price_in_cents`) or processed application state (`priceInCents`).
+- **Efficiency**: Reduces boilerplate code for mapping keys (e.g., `price_in_cents: data.priceInCents`) when performing bulk inserts or updates.
+- **Simplicity**: AI prompts can request JSON keys that match the database schema 1:1, reducing the risk of mapping errors.
+
+### Negative
+
+- **Context Switching**: Developers must be mindful of the casing context.
+- **Linter Configuration**: May require specific overrides or `// eslint-disable-next-line` comments if the linter is configured to strictly enforce `camelCase` everywhere.

ecosystem.config.cjs

@@ -16,6 +16,27 @@ if (missingSecrets.length > 0) {
   console.log('[ecosystem.config.cjs] ✅ Critical environment variables are present.');
 }
 
+// --- Shared Environment Variables ---
+// Define common variables to reduce duplication and ensure consistency across apps.
+const sharedEnv = {
+  DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
+  DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
+  DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
+  DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
+  REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
+  REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
+  FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
+  JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
+  GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
+  GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
+  SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
+  SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
+  SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
+  SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
+  SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
+  SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+};
+
 module.exports = {
   apps: [
     {
@@ -25,6 +46,11 @@ module.exports = {
       script: './node_modules/.bin/tsx',
       args: 'server.ts',
       max_memory_restart: '500M',
+      // Production Optimization: Run in cluster mode to utilize all CPU cores
+      instances: 'max',
+      exec_mode: 'cluster',
+      kill_timeout: 5000, // Allow 5s for graceful shutdown of API requests
+      log_date_format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss Z',
       
       // Restart Logic
       max_restarts: 40,
@@ -36,44 +62,16 @@ module.exports = {
         NODE_ENV: 'production',
         name: 'flyer-crawler-api',
         cwd: '/var/www/flyer-crawler.projectium.com',
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        WORKER_LOCK_DURATION: '120000',
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
       // Test Environment Settings
       env_test: {
         NODE_ENV: 'test',
         name: 'flyer-crawler-api-test',
         cwd: '/var/www/flyer-crawler-test.projectium.com',
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        WORKER_LOCK_DURATION: '120000',
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
       // Development Environment Settings
       env_development: {
@@ -81,22 +79,8 @@ module.exports = {
         name: 'flyer-crawler-api-dev',
         watch: true,
         ignore_watch: ['node_modules', 'logs', '*.log', 'flyer-images', '.git'],
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        WORKER_LOCK_DURATION: '120000',
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
     },
     {
@@ -105,6 +89,8 @@ module.exports = {
       script: './node_modules/.bin/tsx',
       args: 'src/services/worker.ts',
       max_memory_restart: '1G',
+      kill_timeout: 10000, // Workers may need more time to complete a job
+      log_date_format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss Z',
       
       // Restart Logic
       max_restarts: 40,
@@ -116,44 +102,14 @@ module.exports = {
         NODE_ENV: 'production',
         name: 'flyer-crawler-worker',
         cwd: '/var/www/flyer-crawler.projectium.com',
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
       // Test Environment Settings
       env_test: {
         NODE_ENV: 'test',
         name: 'flyer-crawler-worker-test',
         cwd: '/var/www/flyer-crawler-test.projectium.com',
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
       // Development Environment Settings
       env_development: {
@@ -161,22 +117,7 @@ module.exports = {
         name: 'flyer-crawler-worker-dev',
         watch: true,
         ignore_watch: ['node_modules', 'logs', '*.log', 'flyer-images', '.git'],
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
     },
     {
@@ -185,6 +126,8 @@ module.exports = {
       script: './node_modules/.bin/tsx',
       args: 'src/services/worker.ts',
       max_memory_restart: '1G',
+      kill_timeout: 10000,
+      log_date_format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss Z',
       
       // Restart Logic
       max_restarts: 40,
@@ -196,44 +139,14 @@ module.exports = {
         NODE_ENV: 'production',
         name: 'flyer-crawler-analytics-worker',
         cwd: '/var/www/flyer-crawler.projectium.com',
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
       // Test Environment Settings
       env_test: {
         NODE_ENV: 'test',
         name: 'flyer-crawler-analytics-worker-test',
         cwd: '/var/www/flyer-crawler-test.projectium.com',
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
       // Development Environment Settings
       env_development: {
@@ -241,22 +154,7 @@ module.exports = {
         name: 'flyer-crawler-analytics-worker-dev',
         watch: true,
         ignore_watch: ['node_modules', 'logs', '*.log', 'flyer-images', '.git'],
-        DB_HOST: process.env.DB_HOST,
-        DB_USER: process.env.DB_USER,
-        DB_PASSWORD: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
-        DB_NAME: process.env.DB_NAME,
-        REDIS_URL: process.env.REDIS_URL,
-        REDIS_PASSWORD: process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD,
-        FRONTEND_URL: process.env.FRONTEND_URL,
-        JWT_SECRET: process.env.JWT_SECRET,
-        GEMINI_API_KEY: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEY,
-        GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY: process.env.GOOGLE_MAPS_API_KEY,
-        SMTP_HOST: process.env.SMTP_HOST,
-        SMTP_PORT: process.env.SMTP_PORT,
-        SMTP_SECURE: process.env.SMTP_SECURE,
-        SMTP_USER: process.env.SMTP_USER,
-        SMTP_PASS: process.env.SMTP_PASS,
-        SMTP_FROM_EMAIL: process.env.SMTP_FROM_EMAIL,
+        ...sharedEnv,
       },
     },
   ],

notes-to-ai4.txt

@@ -13,6 +13,15 @@ RULES:
 
 
 
+latest refacter
+
+Refactor `RecipeSuggester.test.tsx` to use `renderWithProviders`.
+Create a new test file for `StatCard.tsx` to verify its props and rendering.
+
+
+
+while assuming that master_schema_rollup.sql is the "ultimate source of truth", issues can happen and it may not have been properly 
+updated - look for differences between these files
 
 
 UPC SCANNING !

package-lock.json

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "flyer-crawler",
-  "version": "0.7.4",
+  "version": "0.9.35",
   "lockfileVersion": 3,
   "requires": true,
   "packages": {
     "": {
       "name": "flyer-crawler",
-      "version": "0.7.4",
+      "version": "0.9.35",
       "dependencies": {
         "@bull-board/api": "^6.14.2",
         "@bull-board/express": "^6.14.2",

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "flyer-crawler",
   "private": true,
-  "version": "0.7.4",
+  "version": "0.9.35",
   "type": "module",
   "scripts": {
     "dev": "concurrently \"npm:start:dev\" \"vite\"",

sql/Initial_triggers_and_functions.sql

@@ -1,477 +1,8 @@
 -- sql/Initial_triggers_and_functions.sql
 -- This file contains all trigger functions and trigger definitions for the database.
 
--- 1. Set up the trigger to automatically create a profile when a new user signs up.
--- This function is called by a trigger on the `public.users` table.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.handle_new_user();
-
--- It creates a corresponding profile and a default shopping list for the new user.
--- It now accepts full_name and avatar_url from the user's metadata.
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.handle_new_user()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-DECLARE
-  new_profile_id UUID;
-  user_meta_data JSONB;
-BEGIN
-  -- The user's metadata (full_name, avatar_url) is passed via a temporary session variable.
-  user_meta_data := current_setting('my_app.user_metadata', true)::JSONB;
-
-  INSERT INTO public.profiles (user_id, role, full_name, avatar_url)
-  VALUES (new.user_id, 'user', user_meta_data->>'full_name', user_meta_data->>'avatar_url')
-  RETURNING user_id INTO new_profile_id;
-
-  -- Also create a default shopping list for the new user.
-  INSERT INTO public.shopping_lists (user_id, name)
-  VALUES (new.user_id, 'Main Shopping List');
-
-  -- Log the new user event
-  INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
-  VALUES (new.user_id, 'user_registered', 
-          COALESCE(user_meta_data->>'full_name', new.email) || ' has registered.',
-          'user-plus', 
-          jsonb_build_object('email', new.email)
-  );
-  
-  RETURN new;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- This trigger calls the function after a new user is created.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_auth_user_created ON public.users;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_auth_user_created
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.users
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.handle_new_user();
-
--- 2. Create a reusable function to automatically update 'updated_at' columns.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.handle_updated_at();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.handle_updated_at()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-  NEW.updated_at = now();
-  RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Dynamically apply the 'handle_updated_at' trigger to all tables in the public schema
--- that have an 'updated_at' column. This is more maintainable than creating a separate
--- trigger for each table.
-DO $$
-DECLARE
-    t_name TEXT;
-BEGIN
-    FOR t_name IN
-        SELECT table_name
-        FROM information_schema.columns
-        WHERE table_schema = 'public' AND column_name = 'updated_at'
-    LOOP
-        EXECUTE format('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_%s_updated ON public.%I;
-                        CREATE TRIGGER on_%s_updated
-                        BEFORE UPDATE ON public.%I
-                        FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.handle_updated_at();',
-                        t_name, t_name, t_name, t_name);
-    END LOOP;
-END;
-$$;
-
--- 3. Create a trigger function to populate the item_price_history table on insert.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.update_price_history_on_flyer_item_insert();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.update_price_history_on_flyer_item_insert()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-DECLARE
-    flyer_valid_from DATE;
-    flyer_valid_to DATE;
-    current_summary_date DATE;
-    flyer_location_id BIGINT;
-BEGIN
-    -- If the item could not be matched, add it to the unmatched queue for review.
-    IF NEW.master_item_id IS NULL THEN
-        INSERT INTO public.unmatched_flyer_items (flyer_item_id)
-        VALUES (NEW.flyer_item_id)
-        ON CONFLICT (flyer_item_id) DO NOTHING;
-    END IF;
-
-    -- Only run if the new flyer item is linked to a master item and has a price.
-    IF NEW.master_item_id IS NULL OR NEW.price_in_cents IS NULL THEN
-        RETURN NEW;
-    END IF;
-
-    -- Get the validity dates of the flyer and the store_id.
-    SELECT valid_from, valid_to INTO flyer_valid_from, flyer_valid_to
-    FROM public.flyers
-    WHERE flyer_id = NEW.flyer_id;
-
-    -- This single, set-based query is much more performant than looping.
-    -- It generates all date/location pairs and inserts/updates them in one operation.
-    INSERT INTO public.item_price_history (master_item_id, summary_date, store_location_id, min_price_in_cents, max_price_in_cents, avg_price_in_cents, data_points_count)
-    SELECT
-        NEW.master_item_id,
-        d.day,
-        fl.store_location_id,
-        NEW.price_in_cents,
-        NEW.price_in_cents,
-        NEW.price_in_cents,
-        1
-    FROM public.flyer_locations fl
-    CROSS JOIN generate_series(flyer_valid_from, flyer_valid_to, '1 day'::interval) AS d(day)
-    WHERE fl.flyer_id = NEW.flyer_id
-    ON CONFLICT (master_item_id, summary_date, store_location_id)
-    DO UPDATE SET
-        min_price_in_cents = LEAST(item_price_history.min_price_in_cents, EXCLUDED.min_price_in_cents),
-        max_price_in_cents = GREATEST(item_price_history.max_price_in_cents, EXCLUDED.max_price_in_cents),
-        avg_price_in_cents = ROUND(((item_price_history.avg_price_in_cents * item_price_history.data_points_count) + EXCLUDED.avg_price_in_cents) / (item_price_history.data_points_count + 1.0)),
-        data_points_count = item_price_history.data_points_count + 1;
-
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Create the trigger on the flyer_items table for insert.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS trigger_update_price_history ON public.flyer_items;
-CREATE TRIGGER trigger_update_price_history
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.flyer_items
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.update_price_history_on_flyer_item_insert();
-
--- 4. Create a trigger function to recalculate price history when a flyer item is deleted.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.recalculate_price_history_on_flyer_item_delete();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.recalculate_price_history_on_flyer_item_delete()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-DECLARE
-    affected_dates RECORD;
-BEGIN
-    -- Only run if the deleted item was linked to a master item and had a price.
-    IF OLD.master_item_id IS NULL OR OLD.price_in_cents IS NULL THEN
-        RETURN OLD;
-    END IF;
-
-    -- This single, set-based query is much more performant than looping.
-    -- It recalculates aggregates for all affected dates and locations at once.
-    WITH affected_days_and_locations AS (
-        -- 1. Get all date/location pairs affected by the deleted item's flyer.
-        SELECT DISTINCT
-            generate_series(f.valid_from, f.valid_to, '1 day'::interval)::date AS summary_date,
-            fl.store_location_id
-        FROM public.flyers f
-        JOIN public.flyer_locations fl ON f.flyer_id = fl.flyer_id
-        WHERE f.flyer_id = OLD.flyer_id
-    ),
-    new_aggregates AS (
-        -- 2. For each affected date/location, recalculate the aggregates from all other relevant flyer items.
-        SELECT
-            adl.summary_date,
-            adl.store_location_id,
-            MIN(fi.price_in_cents) AS min_price,
-            MAX(fi.price_in_cents) AS max_price,
-            ROUND(AVG(fi.price_in_cents))::int AS avg_price,
-            COUNT(fi.flyer_item_id)::int AS data_points
-        FROM affected_days_and_locations adl
-        LEFT JOIN public.flyer_items fi ON fi.master_item_id = OLD.master_item_id AND fi.price_in_cents IS NOT NULL
-        LEFT JOIN public.flyers f ON fi.flyer_id = f.flyer_id AND adl.summary_date BETWEEN f.valid_from AND f.valid_to
-        LEFT JOIN public.flyer_locations fl ON fi.flyer_id = fl.flyer_id AND adl.store_location_id = fl.store_location_id
-        WHERE fl.flyer_id IS NOT NULL -- Ensure the join was successful
-        GROUP BY adl.summary_date, adl.store_location_id
-    )
-    -- 3. Update the history table with the new aggregates.
-    UPDATE public.item_price_history iph
-    SET
-        min_price_in_cents = na.min_price,
-        max_price_in_cents = na.max_price,
-        avg_price_in_cents = na.avg_price,
-        data_points_count = na.data_points
-    FROM new_aggregates na
-    WHERE iph.master_item_id = OLD.master_item_id
-      AND iph.summary_date = na.summary_date
-      AND iph.store_location_id = na.store_location_id;
-
-    -- 4. Delete any history records that no longer have any data points.
-    DELETE FROM public.item_price_history iph
-    WHERE iph.master_item_id = OLD.master_item_id
-      AND NOT EXISTS (
-          SELECT 1 FROM new_aggregates na
-          WHERE na.summary_date = iph.summary_date AND na.store_location_id = iph.store_location_id
-      );
-
-    RETURN OLD;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Create the trigger on the flyer_items table for DELETE operations.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS trigger_recalculate_price_history_on_delete ON public.flyer_items;
-CREATE TRIGGER trigger_recalculate_price_history_on_delete
-  AFTER DELETE ON public.flyer_items
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.recalculate_price_history_on_flyer_item_delete();
-
--- 5. Trigger function to update the average rating on the recipes table.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.update_recipe_rating_aggregates();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.update_recipe_rating_aggregates()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    UPDATE public.recipes
-    SET
-        avg_rating = (
-            SELECT AVG(rating)
-            FROM public.recipe_ratings
-            WHERE recipe_id = COALESCE(NEW.recipe_id, OLD.recipe_id) -- This is correct, no change needed
-        ),
-        rating_count = (
-            SELECT COUNT(*)
-            FROM public.recipe_ratings
-            WHERE recipe_id = COALESCE(NEW.recipe_id, OLD.recipe_id) -- This is correct, no change needed
-        )
-    WHERE recipe_id = COALESCE(NEW.recipe_id, OLD.recipe_id);
-
-    RETURN NULL; -- The result is ignored since this is an AFTER trigger.
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Trigger to call the function after any change to recipe_ratings.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_recipe_rating_change ON public.recipe_ratings;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_recipe_rating_change
-  AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON public.recipe_ratings
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.update_recipe_rating_aggregates();
-
--- 6. Trigger function to log the creation of a new recipe.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_recipe();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
-    VALUES (
-        NEW.user_id,
-        'recipe_created',
-        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.user_id) || ' created a new recipe: ' || NEW.name,
-        'chef-hat',
-        jsonb_build_object('recipe_id', NEW.recipe_id, 'recipe_name', NEW.name)
-    );
-
-    -- Award 'First Recipe' achievement if it's their first one.
-    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.user_id, 'First Recipe');
-
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Trigger to call the function after a new recipe is inserted.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_recipe_created ON public.recipes;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_new_recipe_created
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.recipes
-  FOR EACH ROW
-  WHEN (NEW.user_id IS NOT NULL) -- Only log activity for user-created recipes.
-  EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe();
-
--- 7a. Trigger function to update the item_count on the flyers table.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.update_flyer_item_count();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.update_flyer_item_count()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    IF (TG_OP = 'INSERT') THEN
-        UPDATE public.flyers SET item_count = item_count + 1 WHERE flyer_id = NEW.flyer_id;
-    ELSIF (TG_OP = 'DELETE') THEN
-        UPDATE public.flyers SET item_count = item_count - 1 WHERE flyer_id = OLD.flyer_id;
-    END IF;
-    RETURN NULL; -- The result is ignored since this is an AFTER trigger.
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Trigger to call the function after any change to flyer_items.
--- This ensures the item_count on the parent flyer is always accurate.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_flyer_item_change ON public.flyer_items;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_flyer_item_change
-  AFTER INSERT OR DELETE ON public.flyer_items
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.update_flyer_item_count();
-
--- 7. Trigger function to log the creation of a new flyer.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_flyer();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_flyer()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (action, display_text, icon, details)
-    VALUES (
-        'flyer_uploaded',
-        'A new flyer for ' || (SELECT name FROM public.stores WHERE store_id = NEW.store_id) || ' has been uploaded.',
-        'file-text',
-        jsonb_build_object(
-            'flyer_id', NEW.flyer_id,
-            'store_name', (SELECT name FROM public.stores WHERE store_id = NEW.store_id),
-            'valid_from', to_char(NEW.valid_from, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
-            'valid_to', to_char(NEW.valid_to, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
-        )
-    );
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Trigger to call the function after a new flyer is inserted.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_flyer_created ON public.flyers;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_new_flyer_created
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.flyers
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_flyer();
-
--- 8. Trigger function to log when a user favorites a recipe.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_favorite_recipe();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_favorite_recipe()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
-    VALUES (
-        NEW.user_id,
-        'recipe_favorited',
-        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.user_id) || ' favorited the recipe: ' || (SELECT name FROM public.recipes WHERE recipe_id = NEW.recipe_id),
-        'heart',
-        jsonb_build_object(            
-            'recipe_id', NEW.recipe_id
-        )
-    );
-
-    -- Award 'First Favorite' achievement.
-    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.user_id, 'First Favorite');
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Trigger to call the function after a recipe is favorited.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_favorite_recipe ON public.favorite_recipes;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_new_favorite_recipe
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.favorite_recipes
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_favorite_recipe();
-
--- 9. Trigger function to log when a user shares a shopping list.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_list_share();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_list_share()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
-    VALUES (
-        NEW.shared_by_user_id,
-        'list_shared',
-        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.shared_by_user_id) || ' shared a shopping list.',
-        'share-2',
-        jsonb_build_object(
-            'shopping_list_id', NEW.shopping_list_id,
-            'list_name', (SELECT name FROM public.shopping_lists WHERE shopping_list_id = NEW.shopping_list_id),
-            'shared_with_user_id', NEW.shared_with_user_id
-        )
-    );
-
-    -- Award 'List Sharer' achievement.
-    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.shared_by_user_id, 'List Sharer');
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-        
--- Trigger to call the function after a shopping list is shared.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_list_share ON public.shared_shopping_lists;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_new_list_share
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.shared_shopping_lists
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_list_share();
-
--- 9a. Trigger function to log when a user shares a recipe collection.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_recipe_collection_share();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe_collection_share()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    -- Log the activity
-    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
-    VALUES (
-        NEW.shared_by_user_id, 'recipe_collection_shared',
-        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.shared_by_user_id) || ' shared a recipe collection.',
-        'book',
-        jsonb_build_object('collection_id', NEW.recipe_collection_id, 'shared_with_user_id', NEW.shared_with_user_id)
-    );
-
-    -- Award 'Recipe Sharer' achievement.
-    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.shared_by_user_id, 'Recipe Sharer');
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_recipe_collection_share ON public.shared_recipe_collections;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_new_recipe_collection_share
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.shared_recipe_collections
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe_collection_share();
-
--- 10. Trigger function to geocode a store location's address.
--- This function is designed to be extensible. In a production environment,
--- you would replace the placeholder with a call to an external geocoding service
--- (e.g., using the `http` extension or a `plpythonu` function) to convert
--- the address into geographic coordinates.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.geocode_store_location();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.geocode_store_location()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-DECLARE
-    full_address TEXT;
-BEGIN
-    -- Only proceed if the address has actually changed.
-    IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' OR (TG_OP = 'UPDATE' AND NEW.address IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.address) THEN
-        -- Concatenate address parts into a single string for the geocoder.
-        full_address := CONCAT_WS(', ', NEW.address, NEW.city, NEW.province_state, NEW.postal_code);
-
-        -- ======================================================================
-        -- Placeholder for Geocoding API Call
-        -- ======================================================================
-        -- In a real application, you would call a geocoding service here.
-        -- For example, using the `http` extension:
-        --
-        -- DECLARE
-        --   response http_get;
-        --   lat NUMERIC;
-        --   lon NUMERIC;
-        -- BEGIN
-        --   SELECT * INTO response FROM http_get('https://api.geocodingservice.com/geocode?address=' || url_encode(full_address));
-        --   lat := (response.content::jsonb)->'results'->0->'geometry'->'location'->'lat';
-        --   lon := (response.content::jsonb)->'results'->0->'geometry'->'location'->'lng';
-        --   NEW.location := ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(lon, lat), 4326)::geography;
-        -- END;
-        --
-        -- For now, this function does nothing, but the trigger is in place.
-        -- If you manually provide lat/lon, you could parse them here.
-        -- For this example, we will assume the `location` might be set manually
-        -- or by a separate batch process.
-        -- ======================================================================
-    END IF;
-
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
--- Trigger to call the geocoding function.
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_store_location_address_change ON public.store_locations;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_store_location_address_change
-  BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON public.store_locations
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.geocode_store_location();
-
--- 11. Trigger function to increment the fork_count on the original recipe.
-DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.increment_recipe_fork_count();
-
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.increment_recipe_fork_count()
-RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN
-    -- Only run if the recipe is a fork (original_recipe_id is not null).
-    IF NEW.original_recipe_id IS NOT NULL THEN
-        UPDATE public.recipes SET fork_count = fork_count + 1 WHERE recipe_id = NEW.original_recipe_id;
-        -- Award 'First Fork' achievement.
-        PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.user_id, 'First Fork');
-    END IF;
-    RETURN NEW;
-END;
-$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-
-DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_recipe_fork ON public.recipes;
-CREATE TRIGGER on_recipe_fork
-  AFTER INSERT ON public.recipes
-  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.increment_recipe_fork_count();
 -- ============================================================================
--- PART 6: DATABASE FUNCTIONS
+-- PART 3: DATABASE FUNCTIONS
 -- ============================================================================
   -- Function to find the best current sale price for a user's watched items.
 DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.get_best_sale_prices_for_user(UUID);
@@ -1336,8 +867,7 @@ AS $$
         'list_shared'
         -- 'new_recipe_rating' could be added here later
     )
-  ORDER BY
-    al.created_at DESC
+  ORDER BY al.created_at DESC, al.display_text, al.icon
   LIMIT p_limit
   OFFSET p_offset;
 $$;
@@ -1549,16 +1079,18 @@ $$;
 -- It replaces the need to call get_best_sale_prices_for_user for each user individually.
 -- Returns: TABLE(...) - A set of records including user details and deal information.
 -- =================================================================
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.get_best_sale_prices_for_all_users();
+
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.get_best_sale_prices_for_all_users()
 RETURNS TABLE(
     user_id uuid,
     email text,
     full_name text,
-    master_item_id integer,
+    master_item_id bigint,
     item_name text,
     best_price_in_cents integer,
     store_name text,
-    flyer_id integer,
+    flyer_id bigint,
     valid_to date
 ) AS $$
 BEGIN
@@ -1569,11 +1101,12 @@ BEGIN
         SELECT
             fi.master_item_id,
             fi.price_in_cents,
-            f.store_name,
+            s.name as store_name,
             f.flyer_id,
             f.valid_to
         FROM public.flyer_items fi
         JOIN public.flyers f ON fi.flyer_id = f.flyer_id
+        JOIN public.stores s ON f.store_id = s.store_id
         WHERE
             fi.master_item_id IS NOT NULL
             AND fi.price_in_cents IS NOT NULL
@@ -1616,3 +1149,472 @@ BEGIN
         bp.price_rank = 1;
 END;
 $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- ============================================================================
+-- PART 4: TRIGGERS
+-- ============================================================================
+
+-- 1. Trigger to automatically create a profile when a new user signs up.
+-- This function is called by a trigger on the `public.users` table.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.handle_new_user();
+
+-- It creates a corresponding profile and a default shopping list for the new user.
+-- It now accepts full_name and avatar_url from the user's metadata.
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.handle_new_user()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+DECLARE
+  new_profile_id UUID;
+  user_meta_data JSONB;
+BEGIN
+  -- The user's metadata (full_name, avatar_url) is passed via a temporary session variable.
+  user_meta_data := current_setting('my_app.user_metadata', true)::JSONB;
+
+  INSERT INTO public.profiles (user_id, role, full_name, avatar_url)
+  VALUES (new.user_id, 'user', user_meta_data->>'full_name', user_meta_data->>'avatar_url')
+  RETURNING user_id INTO new_profile_id;
+
+  -- Also create a default shopping list for the new user.
+  INSERT INTO public.shopping_lists (user_id, name)
+  VALUES (new.user_id, 'Main Shopping List');
+
+  -- Log the new user event
+  INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
+  VALUES (new.user_id, 'user_registered', 
+          COALESCE(user_meta_data->>'full_name', new.email) || ' has registered.',
+          'user-plus', 
+          jsonb_build_object('email', new.email)
+  );
+  
+  RETURN new;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- This trigger calls the function after a new user is created.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_auth_user_created ON public.users;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_auth_user_created
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.users
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.handle_new_user();
+
+-- 2. Create a reusable function to automatically update 'updated_at' columns.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.handle_updated_at();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.handle_updated_at()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+  NEW.updated_at = now();
+  RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Dynamically apply the 'handle_updated_at' trigger to all tables in the public schema
+-- that have an 'updated_at' column. This is more maintainable than creating a separate
+-- trigger for each table.
+DO $$
+DECLARE
+    t_name TEXT;
+BEGIN
+    FOR t_name IN
+        SELECT table_name
+        FROM information_schema.columns
+        WHERE table_schema = 'public' AND column_name = 'updated_at'
+    LOOP
+        EXECUTE format('DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_%s_updated ON public.%I;
+                        CREATE TRIGGER on_%s_updated
+                        BEFORE UPDATE ON public.%I
+                        FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.handle_updated_at();',
+                        t_name, t_name, t_name, t_name);
+    END LOOP;
+END;
+$$;
+
+-- 3. Create a trigger function to populate the item_price_history table on insert.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.update_price_history_on_flyer_item_insert();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.update_price_history_on_flyer_item_insert()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+DECLARE
+    flyer_valid_from DATE;
+    flyer_valid_to DATE;
+    current_summary_date DATE;
+    flyer_location_id BIGINT;
+BEGIN
+    -- If the item could not be matched, add it to the unmatched queue for review.
+    IF NEW.master_item_id IS NULL THEN
+        INSERT INTO public.unmatched_flyer_items (flyer_item_id)
+        VALUES (NEW.flyer_item_id)
+        ON CONFLICT (flyer_item_id) DO NOTHING;
+    END IF;
+
+    -- Only run if the new flyer item is linked to a master item and has a price.
+    IF NEW.master_item_id IS NULL OR NEW.price_in_cents IS NULL THEN
+        RETURN NEW;
+    END IF;
+
+    -- Get the validity dates of the flyer and the store_id.
+    SELECT valid_from, valid_to INTO flyer_valid_from, flyer_valid_to
+    FROM public.flyers
+    WHERE flyer_id = NEW.flyer_id;
+
+    -- This single, set-based query is much more performant than looping.
+    -- It generates all date/location pairs and inserts/updates them in one operation.
+    INSERT INTO public.item_price_history (master_item_id, summary_date, store_location_id, min_price_in_cents, max_price_in_cents, avg_price_in_cents, data_points_count)
+    SELECT
+        NEW.master_item_id,
+        d.day,
+        fl.store_location_id,
+        NEW.price_in_cents,
+        NEW.price_in_cents,
+        NEW.price_in_cents,
+        1
+    FROM public.flyer_locations fl
+    CROSS JOIN generate_series(flyer_valid_from, flyer_valid_to, '1 day'::interval) AS d(day)
+    WHERE fl.flyer_id = NEW.flyer_id
+    ON CONFLICT (master_item_id, summary_date, store_location_id)
+    DO UPDATE SET
+        min_price_in_cents = LEAST(item_price_history.min_price_in_cents, EXCLUDED.min_price_in_cents),
+        max_price_in_cents = GREATEST(item_price_history.max_price_in_cents, EXCLUDED.max_price_in_cents),
+        avg_price_in_cents = ROUND(((item_price_history.avg_price_in_cents * item_price_history.data_points_count) + EXCLUDED.avg_price_in_cents) / (item_price_history.data_points_count + 1.0)),
+        data_points_count = item_price_history.data_points_count + 1;
+
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Create the trigger on the flyer_items table for insert.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS trigger_update_price_history ON public.flyer_items;
+CREATE TRIGGER trigger_update_price_history
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.flyer_items
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.update_price_history_on_flyer_item_insert();
+
+-- 4. Create a trigger function to recalculate price history when a flyer item is deleted.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.recalculate_price_history_on_flyer_item_delete();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.recalculate_price_history_on_flyer_item_delete()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+DECLARE
+    affected_dates RECORD;
+BEGIN
+    -- Only run if the deleted item was linked to a master item and had a price.
+    IF OLD.master_item_id IS NULL OR OLD.price_in_cents IS NULL THEN
+        RETURN OLD;
+    END IF;
+
+    -- This single, set-based query is much more performant than looping.
+    -- It recalculates aggregates for all affected dates and locations at once.
+    WITH affected_days_and_locations AS (
+        -- 1. Get all date/location pairs affected by the deleted item's flyer.
+        SELECT DISTINCT
+            generate_series(f.valid_from, f.valid_to, '1 day'::interval)::date AS summary_date,
+            fl.store_location_id
+        FROM public.flyers f
+        JOIN public.flyer_locations fl ON f.flyer_id = fl.flyer_id
+        WHERE f.flyer_id = OLD.flyer_id
+    ),
+    new_aggregates AS (
+        -- 2. For each affected date/location, recalculate the aggregates from all other relevant flyer items.
+        SELECT
+            adl.summary_date,
+            adl.store_location_id,
+            MIN(fi.price_in_cents) AS min_price,
+            MAX(fi.price_in_cents) AS max_price,
+            ROUND(AVG(fi.price_in_cents))::int AS avg_price,
+            COUNT(fi.flyer_item_id)::int AS data_points
+        FROM affected_days_and_locations adl
+        LEFT JOIN public.flyer_items fi ON fi.master_item_id = OLD.master_item_id AND fi.price_in_cents IS NOT NULL
+        LEFT JOIN public.flyers f ON fi.flyer_id = f.flyer_id AND adl.summary_date BETWEEN f.valid_from AND f.valid_to
+        LEFT JOIN public.flyer_locations fl ON fi.flyer_id = fl.flyer_id AND adl.store_location_id = fl.store_location_id
+        WHERE fl.flyer_id IS NOT NULL -- Ensure the join was successful
+        GROUP BY adl.summary_date, adl.store_location_id
+    )
+    -- 3. Update the history table with the new aggregates.
+    UPDATE public.item_price_history iph
+    SET
+        min_price_in_cents = na.min_price,
+        max_price_in_cents = na.max_price,
+        avg_price_in_cents = na.avg_price,
+        data_points_count = na.data_points
+    FROM new_aggregates na
+    WHERE iph.master_item_id = OLD.master_item_id
+      AND iph.summary_date = na.summary_date
+      AND iph.store_location_id = na.store_location_id;
+
+    -- 4. Delete any history records that no longer have any data points.
+    DELETE FROM public.item_price_history iph
+    WHERE iph.master_item_id = OLD.master_item_id
+      AND NOT EXISTS (
+          SELECT 1 FROM new_aggregates na
+          WHERE na.summary_date = iph.summary_date AND na.store_location_id = iph.store_location_id
+      );
+
+    RETURN OLD;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Create the trigger on the flyer_items table for DELETE operations.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS trigger_recalculate_price_history_on_delete ON public.flyer_items;
+CREATE TRIGGER trigger_recalculate_price_history_on_delete
+  AFTER DELETE ON public.flyer_items
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.recalculate_price_history_on_flyer_item_delete();
+
+-- 5. Trigger function to update the average rating on the recipes table.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.update_recipe_rating_aggregates();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.update_recipe_rating_aggregates()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    UPDATE public.recipes
+    SET
+        avg_rating = (
+            SELECT AVG(rating)
+            FROM public.recipe_ratings
+            WHERE recipe_id = COALESCE(NEW.recipe_id, OLD.recipe_id) -- This is correct, no change needed
+        ),
+        rating_count = (
+            SELECT COUNT(*)
+            FROM public.recipe_ratings
+            WHERE recipe_id = COALESCE(NEW.recipe_id, OLD.recipe_id) -- This is correct, no change needed
+        )
+    WHERE recipe_id = COALESCE(NEW.recipe_id, OLD.recipe_id);
+
+    RETURN NULL; -- The result is ignored since this is an AFTER trigger.
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Trigger to call the function after any change to recipe_ratings.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_recipe_rating_change ON public.recipe_ratings;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_recipe_rating_change
+  AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON public.recipe_ratings
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.update_recipe_rating_aggregates();
+
+-- 6. Trigger function to log the creation of a new recipe.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_recipe();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
+    VALUES (
+        NEW.user_id,
+        'recipe_created',
+        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.user_id) || ' created a new recipe: ' || NEW.name,
+        'chef-hat',
+        jsonb_build_object('recipe_id', NEW.recipe_id, 'recipe_name', NEW.name)
+    );
+
+    -- Award 'First Recipe' achievement if it's their first one.
+    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.user_id, 'First Recipe');
+
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Trigger to call the function after a new recipe is inserted.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_recipe_created ON public.recipes;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_new_recipe_created
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.recipes
+  FOR EACH ROW
+  WHEN (NEW.user_id IS NOT NULL) -- Only log activity for user-created recipes.
+  EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe();
+
+-- 7a. Trigger function to update the item_count on the flyers table.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.update_flyer_item_count();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.update_flyer_item_count()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    IF (TG_OP = 'INSERT') THEN
+        UPDATE public.flyers SET item_count = item_count + 1 WHERE flyer_id = NEW.flyer_id;
+    ELSIF (TG_OP = 'DELETE') THEN
+        UPDATE public.flyers SET item_count = item_count - 1 WHERE flyer_id = OLD.flyer_id;
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NULL; -- The result is ignored since this is an AFTER trigger.
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Trigger to call the function after any change to flyer_items.
+-- This ensures the item_count on the parent flyer is always accurate.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_flyer_item_change ON public.flyer_items;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_flyer_item_change
+  AFTER INSERT OR DELETE ON public.flyer_items
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.update_flyer_item_count();
+
+-- 7. Trigger function to log the creation of a new flyer.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_flyer();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_flyer()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    -- If the flyer was uploaded by a registered user, award the 'First-Upload' achievement.
+    -- The award_achievement function handles checking if the user already has it.
+    IF NEW.uploaded_by IS NOT NULL THEN
+        PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.uploaded_by, 'First-Upload');
+    END IF;
+
+    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
+    VALUES (
+        NEW.uploaded_by, -- Log the user who uploaded it
+        'flyer_uploaded',
+        'A new flyer for ' || (SELECT name FROM public.stores WHERE store_id = NEW.store_id) || ' has been uploaded.',
+        'file-text',
+        jsonb_build_object(
+            'flyer_id', NEW.flyer_id,
+            'store_name', (SELECT name FROM public.stores WHERE store_id = NEW.store_id),
+            'valid_from', to_char(NEW.valid_from, 'YYYY-MM-DD'),
+            'valid_to', to_char(NEW.valid_to, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
+        )
+    );
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Trigger to call the function after a new flyer is inserted.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_flyer_created ON public.flyers;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_new_flyer_created
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.flyers
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_flyer();
+
+-- 8. Trigger function to log when a user favorites a recipe.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_favorite_recipe();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_favorite_recipe()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
+    VALUES (
+        NEW.user_id,
+        'recipe_favorited',
+        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.user_id) || ' favorited the recipe: ' || (SELECT name FROM public.recipes WHERE recipe_id = NEW.recipe_id),
+        'heart',
+        jsonb_build_object(            
+            'recipe_id', NEW.recipe_id
+        )
+    );
+
+    -- Award 'First Favorite' achievement.
+    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.user_id, 'First Favorite');
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- Trigger to call the function after a recipe is favorited.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_favorite_recipe ON public.favorite_recipes;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_new_favorite_recipe
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.favorite_recipes
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_favorite_recipe();
+
+-- 9. Trigger function to log when a user shares a shopping list.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_list_share();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_list_share()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
+    VALUES (
+        NEW.shared_by_user_id,
+        'list_shared',
+        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.shared_by_user_id) || ' shared a shopping list.',
+        'share-2',
+        jsonb_build_object(
+            'shopping_list_id', NEW.shopping_list_id,
+            'list_name', (SELECT name FROM public.shopping_lists WHERE shopping_list_id = NEW.shopping_list_id),
+            'shared_with_user_id', NEW.shared_with_user_id
+        )
+    );
+
+    -- Award 'List Sharer' achievement.
+    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.shared_by_user_id, 'List Sharer');
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+        
+-- Trigger to call the function after a shopping list is shared.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_list_share ON public.shared_shopping_lists;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_new_list_share
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.shared_shopping_lists
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_list_share();
+
+-- 9a. Trigger function to log when a user shares a recipe collection.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_recipe_collection_share();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe_collection_share()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    -- Log the activity
+    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
+    VALUES (
+        NEW.shared_by_user_id, 'recipe_collection_shared',
+        (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.shared_by_user_id) || ' shared a recipe collection.',
+        'book',
+        jsonb_build_object('collection_id', NEW.recipe_collection_id, 'shared_with_user_id', NEW.shared_with_user_id)
+    );
+
+    -- Award 'Recipe Sharer' achievement.
+    PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.shared_by_user_id, 'Recipe Sharer');
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_new_recipe_collection_share ON public.shared_recipe_collections;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_new_recipe_collection_share
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.shared_recipe_collections
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe_collection_share();
+
+-- 10. Trigger function to geocode a store location's address.
+-- This function is triggered when an address is inserted or updated, and is
+-- designed to be extensible for external geocoding services to populate the
+-- latitude, longitude, and location fields.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.geocode_address();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.geocode_address()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+DECLARE
+    full_address TEXT;
+BEGIN
+    -- Only proceed if an address component has actually changed.
+    IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' OR (TG_OP = 'UPDATE' AND (
+        NEW.address_line_1 IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.address_line_1 OR
+        NEW.address_line_2 IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.address_line_2 OR
+        NEW.city IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.city OR
+        NEW.province_state IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.province_state OR
+        NEW.postal_code IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.postal_code OR
+        NEW.country IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country
+    )) THEN
+        -- Concatenate address parts into a single string for the geocoder.
+        full_address := CONCAT_WS(', ', NEW.address_line_1, NEW.address_line_2, NEW.city, NEW.province_state, NEW.postal_code, NEW.country);
+
+        -- Placeholder for Geocoding API Call
+        -- In a real application, you would call a service here and update NEW.latitude, NEW.longitude, and NEW.location.
+        -- e.g., NEW.latitude := result.lat; NEW.longitude := result.lon;
+        -- NEW.location := ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(NEW.longitude, NEW.latitude), 4326);
+    END IF;
+
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- This trigger calls the geocoding function when an address changes.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_address_change_geocode ON public.addresses;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_address_change_geocode
+  BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON public.addresses
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.geocode_address();
+
+-- 11. Trigger function to increment the fork_count on the original recipe.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.increment_recipe_fork_count();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.increment_recipe_fork_count()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    -- Only run if the recipe is a fork (original_recipe_id is not null).
+    IF NEW.original_recipe_id IS NOT NULL THEN
+        UPDATE public.recipes SET fork_count = fork_count + 1 WHERE recipe_id = NEW.original_recipe_id;
+        -- Award 'First Fork' achievement.
+        PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.user_id, 'First Fork');
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_recipe_fork ON public.recipes;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_recipe_fork
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.recipes
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.increment_recipe_fork_count();

sql/initial_data.sql

@@ -265,5 +265,6 @@ INSERT INTO public.achievements (name, description, icon, points_value) VALUES
 ('List Sharer', 'Share a shopping list with another user for the first time.', 'list', 20),
 ('First Favorite', 'Mark a recipe as one of your favorites.', 'heart', 5),
 ('First Fork', 'Make a personal copy of a public recipe.', 'git-fork', 10),
-('First Budget Created', 'Create your first budget to track spending.', 'piggy-bank', 15)
+('First Budget Created', 'Create your first budget to track spending.', 'piggy-bank', 15),
+('First-Upload', 'Upload your first flyer.', 'upload-cloud', 25)
 ON CONFLICT (name) DO NOTHING;

sql/initial_schema.sql

@@ -8,16 +8,23 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.addresses (
     address_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     address_line_1 TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    address_line_2 TEXT,
     city TEXT NOT NULL,
     province_state TEXT NOT NULL,
     postal_code TEXT NOT NULL,
     country TEXT NOT NULL,
+    address_line_2 TEXT,
     latitude NUMERIC(9, 6),
     longitude NUMERIC(9, 6),
     location GEOGRAPHY(Point, 4326),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_address_line_1_check CHECK (TRIM(address_line_1) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_city_check CHECK (TRIM(city) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_province_state_check CHECK (TRIM(province_state) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_postal_code_check CHECK (TRIM(postal_code) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_country_check CHECK (TRIM(country) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_latitude_check CHECK (latitude >= -90 AND latitude <= 90),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_longitude_check CHECK (longitude >= -180 AND longitude <= 180)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.addresses IS 'A centralized table for storing all physical addresses for users and stores.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.addresses.latitude IS 'The geographic latitude.';
@@ -31,12 +38,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.users (
     email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     password_hash TEXT,
     refresh_token TEXT,
-    failed_login_attempts INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+    failed_login_attempts INTEGER DEFAULT 0 CHECK (failed_login_attempts >= 0),
     last_failed_login TIMESTAMPTZ,
     last_login_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
     last_login_ip TEXT,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT users_email_check CHECK (email ~* '^[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,}$'),
+    CONSTRAINT users_password_hash_check CHECK (password_hash IS NULL OR TRIM(password_hash) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.users IS 'Stores user authentication information.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.users.refresh_token IS 'Stores the long-lived refresh token for re-authentication.';
@@ -59,10 +68,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.activity_log (
     icon TEXT,
     details JSONB,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT activity_log_action_check CHECK (TRIM(action) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT activity_log_display_text_check CHECK (TRIM(display_text) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.activity_log IS 'Logs key user and system actions for auditing and display in an activity feed.';
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_activity_log_user_id ON public.activity_log(user_id);
+-- This composite index is more efficient for user-specific activity feeds ordered by date.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_activity_log_user_id_created_at ON public.activity_log(user_id, created_at DESC);
 
 -- 3. for public user profiles.
 -- This table is linked to the users table and stores non-sensitive user data.
@@ -72,16 +84,20 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.profiles (
   full_name TEXT,
   avatar_url TEXT,
   address_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.addresses(address_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+  points INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (points >= 0),
   preferences JSONB,
   role TEXT CHECK (role IN ('admin', 'user')),
-  points INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
   created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
   updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT profiles_full_name_check CHECK (full_name IS NULL OR TRIM(full_name) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT profiles_avatar_url_check CHECK (avatar_url IS NULL OR avatar_url ~* '^https://?.*'),
   created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
   updated_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.profiles IS 'Stores public-facing user data, linked to the public.users table.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.profiles.address_id IS 'A foreign key to the user''s primary address in the `addresses` table.';
+-- This index is crucial for the gamification leaderboard feature.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_profiles_points_leaderboard ON public.profiles (points DESC, full_name ASC);
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.profiles.points IS 'A simple integer column to store a user''s total accumulated points from achievements.';
 
 -- 4. The 'stores' table for normalized store data.
@@ -91,6 +107,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.stores (
   logo_url TEXT,
   created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
   updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT stores_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT stores_logo_url_check CHECK (logo_url IS NULL OR logo_url ~* '^https://?.*'),
   created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.stores IS 'Stores metadata for grocery store chains (e.g., Safeway, Kroger).';
@@ -100,7 +118,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.categories (
   category_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
   name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
   created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT categories_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.categories IS 'Stores a predefined list of grocery item categories (e.g., ''Fruits & Vegetables'', ''Dairy & Eggs'').';
 
@@ -116,10 +135,15 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.flyers (
   valid_to DATE,
   store_address TEXT,
   status TEXT DEFAULT 'processed' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('processed', 'needs_review', 'archived')),
-  item_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+  item_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (item_count >= 0),
   uploaded_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
   created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT flyers_valid_dates_check CHECK (valid_to >= valid_from),
+  CONSTRAINT flyers_file_name_check CHECK (TRIM(file_name) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT flyers_image_url_check CHECK (image_url ~* '^https://?.*'),
+  CONSTRAINT flyers_icon_url_check CHECK (icon_url IS NULL OR icon_url ~* '^https://?.*'),
+  CONSTRAINT flyers_checksum_check CHECK (checksum IS NULL OR length(checksum) = 64)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.flyers IS 'Stores metadata for each processed flyer, linking it to a store and its validity period.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_store_id ON public.flyers(store_id);
@@ -135,9 +159,9 @@ COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyers.status IS 'The processing status of the flyer, e
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyers.item_count IS 'A cached count of the number of items in this flyer, maintained by a trigger.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyers.uploaded_by IS 'The user who uploaded the flyer. Can be null for anonymous or system uploads.';
 
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_status ON public.flyers(status);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_created_at ON public.flyers (created_at DESC);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_valid_to_file_name ON public.flyers (valid_to DESC, file_name ASC);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_status ON public.flyers(status);
 -- 7. The 'master_grocery_items' table. This is the master dictionary.
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.master_grocery_items (
     master_grocery_item_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
@@ -147,7 +171,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.master_grocery_items (
     allergy_info JSONB,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL
+    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT master_grocery_items_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.master_grocery_items IS 'The master dictionary of canonical grocery items. Each item has a unique name and is linked to a category.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_master_grocery_items_category_id ON public.master_grocery_items(category_id);
@@ -172,7 +197,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.brands (
     logo_url TEXT,
     store_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT brands_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT brands_logo_url_check CHECK (logo_url IS NULL OR logo_url ~* '^https://?.*')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.brands IS 'Stores brand names like "Coca-Cola", "Maple Leaf", or "Kraft".';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.brands.store_id IS 'If this is a store-specific brand (e.g., President''s Choice), this links to the parent store.';
@@ -187,7 +214,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.products (
     size TEXT,
     upc_code TEXT UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT products_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT products_upc_code_check CHECK (upc_code IS NULL OR upc_code ~ '^[0-9]{8,14}$')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.products IS 'Represents a specific, sellable product, combining a generic item with a brand and size.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.products.upc_code IS 'Universal Product Code, if available, for exact product matching.';
@@ -203,18 +232,22 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.flyer_items (
   flyer_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.flyers(flyer_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
   item TEXT NOT NULL,
   price_display TEXT NOT NULL,
-  price_in_cents INTEGER,
+  price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (price_in_cents IS NULL OR price_in_cents >= 0),
   quantity_num NUMERIC,
   quantity TEXT NOT NULL,
   category_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.categories(category_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,  
   category_name TEXT,
   unit_price JSONB,
-  view_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-  click_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+  view_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (view_count >= 0),
+  click_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (click_count >= 0),
   master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
   product_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.products(product_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
   created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_item_check CHECK (TRIM(item) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_price_display_check CHECK (TRIM(price_display) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_quantity_check CHECK (TRIM(quantity) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_category_name_check CHECK (category_name IS NULL OR TRIM(category_name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.flyer_items IS 'Stores individual items extracted from a specific flyer.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyer_items.flyer_id IS 'Foreign key linking this item to its parent flyer in the `flyers` table.';
@@ -233,6 +266,8 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_master_item_id ON public.flyer_items(
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_category_id ON public.flyer_items(category_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_product_id ON public.flyer_items(product_id);
 -- Add a GIN index to the 'item' column for fast fuzzy text searching.
+-- This partial index is optimized for queries that find the best price for an item.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_master_item_price ON public.flyer_items (master_item_id, price_in_cents ASC) WHERE price_in_cents IS NOT NULL;
 -- This requires the pg_trgm extension.
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS flyer_items_item_trgm_idx ON public.flyer_items USING GIN (item gin_trgm_ops);
 
@@ -241,7 +276,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_alerts (
     user_alert_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     user_watched_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.user_watched_items(user_watched_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     alert_type TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (alert_type IN ('PRICE_BELOW', 'PERCENT_OFF_AVERAGE')),
-    threshold_value NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    threshold_value NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (threshold_value > 0),
     is_active BOOLEAN DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
@@ -259,7 +294,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.notifications (
     link_url TEXT,
     is_read BOOLEAN DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT notifications_content_check CHECK (TRIM(content) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.notifications IS 'A central log of notifications generated for users, such as price alerts.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.notifications.content IS 'The notification message displayed to the user.';
@@ -272,8 +308,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.store_locations (
     store_location_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     store_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     address_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.addresses(address_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE(store_id, address_id),
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.store_locations IS 'Stores physical locations of stores with geographic data for proximity searches.';
@@ -285,13 +321,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.item_price_history (
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     summary_date DATE NOT NULL,
     store_location_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.store_locations(store_location_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    min_price_in_cents INTEGER,
-    max_price_in_cents INTEGER,
-    avg_price_in_cents INTEGER,
-    data_points_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    min_price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (min_price_in_cents IS NULL OR min_price_in_cents >= 0),
+    max_price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (max_price_in_cents IS NULL OR max_price_in_cents >= 0),
+    avg_price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (avg_price_in_cents IS NULL OR avg_price_in_cents >= 0),
+    data_points_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (data_points_count >= 0),
     UNIQUE(master_item_id, summary_date, store_location_id),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT item_price_history_price_order_check CHECK (min_price_in_cents <= max_price_in_cents)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.item_price_history IS 'Serves as a summary table to speed up charting and analytics.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.item_price_history.summary_date IS 'The date for which the price data is summarized.';
@@ -308,7 +345,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.master_item_aliases (
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     alias TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT master_item_aliases_alias_check CHECK (TRIM(alias) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.master_item_aliases IS 'Stores synonyms or alternative names for master items to improve matching.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.master_item_aliases.alias IS 'An alternative name, e.g., "Ground Chuck" for the master item "Ground Beef".';
@@ -320,7 +358,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shopping_lists (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     name TEXT NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT shopping_lists_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.shopping_lists IS 'Stores user-created shopping lists, e.g., "Weekly Groceries".';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_shopping_lists_user_id ON public.shopping_lists(user_id);
@@ -331,12 +370,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shopping_list_items (
     shopping_list_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.shopping_lists(shopping_list_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     custom_item_name TEXT,
-    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
     is_purchased BOOLEAN DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
     notes TEXT,
     added_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT must_have_item_identifier CHECK (master_item_id IS NOT NULL OR custom_item_name IS NOT NULL)
+    CONSTRAINT must_have_item_identifier CHECK (master_item_id IS NOT NULL OR custom_item_name IS NOT NULL),
+    CONSTRAINT shopping_list_items_custom_item_name_check CHECK (custom_item_name IS NULL OR TRIM(custom_item_name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.shopping_list_items IS 'Contains individual items for a specific shopping list.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.shopping_list_items.custom_item_name IS 'For items not in the master list, e.g., "Grandma''s special spice mix".';
@@ -344,7 +384,6 @@ COMMENT ON COLUMN public.shopping_list_items.is_purchased IS 'Lets users check i
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_shopping_list_items_shopping_list_id ON public.shopping_list_items(shopping_list_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_shopping_list_items_master_item_id ON public.shopping_list_items(master_item_id);
 
--- 17. Manage shared access to shopping lists.
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shared_shopping_lists (
     shared_shopping_list_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     shopping_list_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.shopping_lists(shopping_list_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
@@ -369,6 +408,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.menu_plans (
     end_date DATE NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,    
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT menu_plans_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
     CONSTRAINT date_range_check CHECK (end_date >= start_date)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.menu_plans IS 'Represents a user''s meal plan for a specific period, e.g., "Week of Oct 23".';
@@ -397,11 +437,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.suggested_corrections (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     correction_type TEXT NOT NULL,
     suggested_value TEXT NOT NULL,
-    status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL,
+    status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('pending', 'approved', 'rejected')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     reviewed_notes TEXT,
     reviewed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT suggested_corrections_correction_type_check CHECK (TRIM(correction_type) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT suggested_corrections_suggested_value_check CHECK (TRIM(suggested_value) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.suggested_corrections IS 'A queue for user-submitted data corrections, enabling crowdsourced data quality improvements.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.suggested_corrections.correction_type IS 'The type of error the user is reporting.';
@@ -417,12 +459,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_submitted_prices (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     store_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    price_in_cents INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    price_in_cents INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (price_in_cents > 0),
     photo_url TEXT,
-    upvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    downvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    upvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (upvotes >= 0),
+    downvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (downvotes >= 0),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT user_submitted_prices_photo_url_check CHECK (photo_url IS NULL OR photo_url ~* '^https://?.*')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.user_submitted_prices IS 'Stores item prices submitted by users directly from physical stores.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.user_submitted_prices.photo_url IS 'URL to user-submitted photo evidence of the price.';
@@ -464,20 +507,22 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipes (
     name TEXT NOT NULL,
     description TEXT,
     instructions TEXT,
-    prep_time_minutes INTEGER,
-    cook_time_minutes INTEGER,
-    servings INTEGER,
+    prep_time_minutes INTEGER CHECK (prep_time_minutes IS NULL OR prep_time_minutes >= 0),
+    cook_time_minutes INTEGER CHECK (cook_time_minutes IS NULL OR cook_time_minutes >= 0),
+    servings INTEGER CHECK (servings IS NULL OR servings > 0),
     photo_url TEXT,
     calories_per_serving INTEGER,
     protein_grams NUMERIC,
     fat_grams NUMERIC,
     carb_grams NUMERIC,
-    avg_rating NUMERIC(2,1) DEFAULT 0.0 NOT NULL,
-    status TEXT DEFAULT 'private' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('private', 'pending_review', 'public', 'rejected')),
-    rating_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    fork_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    avg_rating NUMERIC(2,1) DEFAULT 0.0 NOT NULL CHECK (avg_rating >= 0.0 AND avg_rating <= 5.0),
+    status TEXT DEFAULT 'private' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('private', 'pending_review', 'public', 'rejected')),    
+    rating_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (rating_count >= 0),
+    fork_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (fork_count >= 0),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipes_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT recipes_photo_url_check CHECK (photo_url IS NULL OR photo_url ~* '^https://?.*')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipes IS 'Stores recipes that can be used to generate shopping lists.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipes.servings IS 'The number of servings this recipe yields.';
@@ -488,11 +533,11 @@ COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipes.calories_per_serving IS 'Optional nutritional i
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipes.protein_grams IS 'Optional nutritional information.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipes.fat_grams IS 'Optional nutritional information.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipes.carb_grams IS 'Optional nutritional information.';
-COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipes.fork_count IS 'To track how many times a public recipe has been "forked" or copied by other users.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_user_id ON public.recipes(user_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_original_recipe_id ON public.recipes(original_recipe_id);
 -- Add a partial unique index to ensure system-wide recipes (user_id IS NULL) have unique names.
--- This allows different users to have recipes with the same name.
+-- This index helps speed up sorting for recipe recommendations.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_rating_sort ON public.recipes (avg_rating DESC, rating_count DESC);
 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_unique_system_recipe_name ON public.recipes(name) WHERE user_id IS NULL;
 
 -- 27. For ingredients required for each recipe.
@@ -500,10 +545,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipe_ingredients (
     recipe_ingredient_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     recipe_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.recipes(recipe_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
     unit TEXT NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipe_ingredients_unit_check CHECK (TRIM(unit) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipe_ingredients IS 'Defines the ingredients and quantities needed for a recipe.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipe_ingredients.unit IS 'e.g., "cups", "tbsp", "g", "each".';
@@ -529,7 +575,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.tags (
     tag_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT tags_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.tags IS 'Stores tags for categorizing recipes, e.g., "Vegetarian", "Quick & Easy".';
 
@@ -543,6 +590,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipe_tags (
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipe_tags IS 'A linking table to associate multiple tags with a single recipe.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipe_tags_recipe_id ON public.recipe_tags(recipe_id);
+-- This index is crucial for functions that find recipes based on tags.
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipe_tags_tag_id ON public.recipe_tags(tag_id);
 
 -- 31. Store a predefined list of kitchen appliances.
@@ -550,7 +598,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.appliances (
     appliance_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT appliances_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.appliances IS 'A predefined list of kitchen appliances (e.g., Air Fryer, Instant Pot).';
 
@@ -590,7 +639,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipe_comments (
     content TEXT NOT NULL,
     status TEXT DEFAULT 'visible' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('visible', 'hidden', 'reported')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipe_comments_content_check CHECK (TRIM(content) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipe_comments IS 'Allows for threaded discussions and comments on recipes.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipe_comments.parent_comment_id IS 'For threaded comments.';
@@ -605,6 +655,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.pantry_locations (
     name TEXT NOT NULL,    
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT pantry_locations_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
     UNIQUE(user_id, name)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.pantry_locations IS 'User-defined locations for organizing pantry items (e.g., "Fridge", "Freezer", "Spice Rack").';
@@ -618,8 +669,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.planned_meals (
     plan_date DATE NOT NULL,
     meal_type TEXT NOT NULL,
     servings_to_cook INTEGER,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,    
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT planned_meals_meal_type_check CHECK (TRIM(meal_type) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.planned_meals IS 'Assigns a recipe to a specific day and meal type within a user''s menu plan.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.planned_meals.meal_type IS 'The designated meal for the recipe, e.g., ''Breakfast'', ''Lunch'', ''Dinner''.';
@@ -631,7 +683,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.pantry_items (
     pantry_item_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (quantity >= 0),
     unit TEXT,
     best_before_date DATE,
     pantry_location_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.pantry_locations(pantry_location_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
@@ -640,7 +692,6 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.pantry_items (
     UNIQUE(user_id, master_item_id, unit)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.pantry_items IS 'Tracks a user''s personal inventory of grocery items to enable smart shopping lists.';
-COMMENT ON COLUMN public.pantry_items.quantity IS 'The current amount of the item. Convention: use grams for weight, mL for volume where applicable.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.pantry_items.pantry_location_id IS 'Links the item to a user-defined location like "Fridge" or "Freezer".';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.pantry_items.unit IS 'e.g., ''g'', ''ml'', ''items''. Should align with recipe_ingredients.unit and quantity convention.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_pantry_items_user_id ON public.pantry_items(user_id);
@@ -654,7 +705,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.password_reset_tokens (
     token_hash TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     expires_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT password_reset_tokens_token_hash_check CHECK (TRIM(token_hash) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.password_reset_tokens IS 'Stores secure, single-use tokens for password reset requests.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.password_reset_tokens.token_hash IS 'A bcrypt hash of the reset token sent to the user.';
@@ -669,10 +721,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.unit_conversions (
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     from_unit TEXT NOT NULL,
     to_unit TEXT NOT NULL,
-    factor NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    factor NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (factor > 0),
     UNIQUE(master_item_id, from_unit, to_unit),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT unit_conversions_from_unit_check CHECK (TRIM(from_unit) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT unit_conversions_to_unit_check CHECK (TRIM(to_unit) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT unit_conversions_units_check CHECK (from_unit <> to_unit)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.unit_conversions IS 'Stores item-specific unit conversion factors (e.g., grams of flour to cups).';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.unit_conversions.factor IS 'The multiplication factor to convert from_unit to to_unit.';
@@ -686,7 +741,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_item_aliases (
     alias TEXT NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE(user_id, alias),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT user_item_aliases_alias_check CHECK (TRIM(alias) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.user_item_aliases IS 'Allows users to create personal aliases for grocery items (e.g., "Dad''s Cereal").';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_item_aliases_user_id ON public.user_item_aliases(user_id);
@@ -723,7 +779,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipe_collections (
     name TEXT NOT NULL,
     description TEXT,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipe_collections_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipe_collections IS 'Allows users to create personal collections of recipes (e.g., "Holiday Baking").';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipe_collections_user_id ON public.recipe_collections(user_id);
@@ -748,8 +805,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shared_recipe_collections (
     shared_with_user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     permission_level TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (permission_level IN ('view', 'edit')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE(recipe_collection_id, shared_with_user_id)
 );
+-- This index is crucial for efficiently finding all collections shared with a specific user.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_shared_recipe_collections_shared_with ON public.shared_recipe_collections(shared_with_user_id);
 
 -- 45. Log user search queries for analysis.
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.search_queries (
@@ -759,7 +819,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.search_queries (
     result_count INTEGER,
     was_successful BOOLEAN,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT search_queries_query_text_check CHECK (TRIM(query_text) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.search_queries IS 'Logs user search queries to analyze search effectiveness and identify gaps in data.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.search_queries.was_successful IS 'Indicates if the user interacted with a search result.';
@@ -785,10 +846,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shopping_trip_items (
     shopping_trip_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.shopping_trips(shopping_trip_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     custom_item_name TEXT,
-    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
     price_paid_cents INTEGER,    
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT shopping_trip_items_custom_item_name_check CHECK (custom_item_name IS NULL OR TRIM(custom_item_name) <> ''),
     CONSTRAINT trip_must_have_item_identifier CHECK (master_item_id IS NOT NULL OR custom_item_name IS NOT NULL)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.shopping_trip_items IS 'A historical log of items purchased during a shopping trip.';
@@ -802,7 +864,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.dietary_restrictions (
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     type TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (type IN ('diet', 'allergy')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT dietary_restrictions_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.dietary_restrictions IS 'A predefined list of common diets (e.g., Vegan) and allergies (e.g., Nut Allergy).';
 
@@ -815,6 +878,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_dietary_restrictions (
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.user_dietary_restrictions IS 'Connects users to their selected dietary needs and allergies.';
+-- This index is crucial for functions that filter recipes based on user diets/allergies.
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_dietary_restrictions_user_id ON public.user_dietary_restrictions(user_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_dietary_restrictions_restriction_id ON public.user_dietary_restrictions(restriction_id);
 
@@ -840,6 +904,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_follows (
     CONSTRAINT cant_follow_self CHECK (follower_id <> following_id)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.user_follows IS 'Stores user following relationships to build a social graph.';
+-- This index is crucial for efficiently generating a user's activity feed.
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_follows_follower_id ON public.user_follows(follower_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_follows_following_id ON public.user_follows(following_id);
 
@@ -850,12 +915,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.receipts (
     store_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     receipt_image_url TEXT NOT NULL,
     transaction_date TIMESTAMPTZ,
-    total_amount_cents INTEGER,
+    total_amount_cents INTEGER CHECK (total_amount_cents IS NULL OR total_amount_cents >= 0),
     status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('pending', 'processing', 'completed', 'failed')),
     raw_text TEXT,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    processed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    processed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,    
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT receipts_receipt_image_url_check CHECK (receipt_image_url ~* '^https://?.*')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.receipts IS 'Stores uploaded user receipts for purchase tracking and analysis.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_receipts_user_id ON public.receipts(user_id);
@@ -866,13 +932,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.receipt_items (
     receipt_item_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     receipt_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.receipts(receipt_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     raw_item_description TEXT NOT NULL,
-    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL,
-    price_paid_cents INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
+    price_paid_cents INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (price_paid_cents >= 0),
     master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     product_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.products(product_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     status TEXT DEFAULT 'unmatched' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('unmatched', 'matched', 'needs_review', 'ignored')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT receipt_items_raw_item_description_check CHECK (TRIM(raw_item_description) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.receipt_items IS 'Stores individual line items extracted from a user receipt.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_receipt_items_receipt_id ON public.receipt_items(receipt_id);
@@ -885,7 +952,6 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.schema_info (
     deployed_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.schema_info IS 'Stores metadata about the deployed schema, such as a hash of the schema file, to detect changes.';
-COMMENT ON COLUMN public.schema_info.environment IS 'The deployment environment (e.g., ''development'', ''test'', ''production'').';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.schema_info.schema_hash IS 'A SHA-256 hash of the master_schema_rollup.sql file at the time of deployment.';
 
 -- 55. Store user reactions to various entities (e.g., recipes, comments).
@@ -906,14 +972,31 @@ COMMENT ON COLUMN public.user_reactions.reaction_type IS 'The type of reaction (
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_reactions_user_id ON public.user_reactions(user_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_reactions_entity ON public.user_reactions(entity_type, entity_id);
 
+-- 56. Store user-defined budgets for spending analysis.
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.budgets (
+    budget_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
+    user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    name TEXT NOT NULL,
+    amount_cents INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (amount_cents > 0),
+    period TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (period IN ('weekly', 'monthly')),
+    start_date DATE NOT NULL,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,    
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT budgets_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
+);
+COMMENT ON TABLE public.budgets IS 'Allows users to set weekly or monthly grocery budgets for spending tracking.';
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_budgets_user_id ON public.budgets(user_id);
+
 -- 57. Static table defining available achievements for gamification.
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.achievements (
     achievement_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     description TEXT NOT NULL,
     icon TEXT,
-    points_value INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    points_value INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 CHECK (points_value >= 0),    
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT achievements_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT achievements_description_check CHECK (TRIM(description) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.achievements IS 'A static table defining the available achievements users can earn.';
 
@@ -929,16 +1012,3 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_achievements_user_id ON public.user_achievem
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_achievements_achievement_id ON public.user_achievements(achievement_id);
 
 
--- 56. Store user-defined budgets for spending analysis.
-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.budgets (
-    budget_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
-    user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    amount_cents INTEGER NOT NULL,
-    period TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (period IN ('weekly', 'monthly')),
-    start_date DATE NOT NULL,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
-);
-COMMENT ON TABLE public.budgets IS 'Allows users to set weekly or monthly grocery budgets for spending tracking.';
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_budgets_user_id ON public.budgets(user_id);

sql/master_schema_rollup.sql

@@ -23,16 +23,23 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.addresses (
     address_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     address_line_1 TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    address_line_2 TEXT,
     city TEXT NOT NULL,
     province_state TEXT NOT NULL,
     postal_code TEXT NOT NULL,
     country TEXT NOT NULL,
+    address_line_2 TEXT,
     latitude NUMERIC(9, 6),
     longitude NUMERIC(9, 6),
     location GEOGRAPHY(Point, 4326),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_address_line_1_check CHECK (TRIM(address_line_1) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_city_check CHECK (TRIM(city) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_province_state_check CHECK (TRIM(province_state) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_postal_code_check CHECK (TRIM(postal_code) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_country_check CHECK (TRIM(country) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_latitude_check CHECK (latitude >= -90 AND latitude <= 90),
+    CONSTRAINT addresses_longitude_check CHECK (longitude >= -180 AND longitude <= 180)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.addresses IS 'A centralized table for storing all physical addresses for users and stores.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.addresses.latitude IS 'The geographic latitude.';
@@ -45,14 +52,16 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS addresses_location_idx ON public.addresses USING GIST
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.users (
     user_id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT uuid_generate_v4(),
     email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    password_hash TEXT,
+    password_hash TEXT,    
     refresh_token TEXT,
-    failed_login_attempts INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+    failed_login_attempts INTEGER DEFAULT 0 CHECK (failed_login_attempts >= 0),
     last_failed_login TIMESTAMPTZ,
     last_login_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
     last_login_ip TEXT,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT users_email_check CHECK (email ~* '^[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,}$'),
+    CONSTRAINT users_password_hash_check CHECK (password_hash IS NULL OR TRIM(password_hash) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.users IS 'Stores user authentication information.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.users.refresh_token IS 'Stores the long-lived refresh token for re-authentication.';
@@ -74,11 +83,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.activity_log (
     display_text TEXT NOT NULL,
     icon TEXT,
     details JSONB,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,    
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT activity_log_action_check CHECK (TRIM(action) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT activity_log_display_text_check CHECK (TRIM(display_text) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.activity_log IS 'Logs key user and system actions for auditing and display in an activity feed.';
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_activity_log_user_id ON public.activity_log(user_id);
+-- This composite index is more efficient for user-specific activity feeds ordered by date.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_activity_log_user_id_created_at ON public.activity_log(user_id, created_at DESC);
 
 -- 3. for public user profiles.
 -- This table is linked to the users table and stores non-sensitive user data.
@@ -88,16 +100,20 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.profiles (
     full_name TEXT,
     avatar_url TEXT,
     address_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.addresses(address_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
-    points INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    points INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (points >= 0),
     preferences JSONB,
-    role TEXT CHECK (role IN ('admin', 'user')),
+    role TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (role IN ('admin', 'user')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT profiles_full_name_check CHECK (full_name IS NULL OR TRIM(full_name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT profiles_avatar_url_check CHECK (avatar_url IS NULL OR avatar_url ~* '^https?://.*'),
+    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,    
     updated_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.profiles IS 'Stores public-facing user data, linked to the public.users table.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.profiles.address_id IS 'A foreign key to the user''s primary address in the `addresses` table.';
+-- This index is crucial for the gamification leaderboard feature.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_profiles_points_leaderboard ON public.profiles (points DESC, full_name ASC);
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.profiles.points IS 'A simple integer column to store a user''s total accumulated points from achievements.';
 
 -- 4. The 'stores' table for normalized store data.
@@ -107,7 +123,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.stores (
     logo_url TEXT,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL
+    CONSTRAINT stores_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT stores_logo_url_check CHECK (logo_url IS NULL OR logo_url ~* '^https?://.*'),
+    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL    
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.stores IS 'Stores metadata for grocery store chains (e.g., Safeway, Kroger).';
 
@@ -116,7 +134,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.categories (
     category_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT categories_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.categories IS 'Stores a predefined list of grocery item categories (e.g., ''Fruits & Vegetables'', ''Dairy & Eggs'').';
 
@@ -125,17 +144,22 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.flyers (
     flyer_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     file_name TEXT NOT NULL,
     image_url TEXT NOT NULL,
-    icon_url TEXT,
-  checksum TEXT UNIQUE,  
-  store_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    icon_url TEXT NOT NULL,
+    checksum TEXT UNIQUE,  
+    store_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     valid_from DATE,
     valid_to DATE,
     store_address TEXT,
-  status TEXT DEFAULT 'processed' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('processed', 'needs_review', 'archived')),
-    item_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    status TEXT DEFAULT 'processed' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('processed', 'needs_review', 'archived')),
+    item_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (item_count >= 0),
     uploaded_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT flyers_valid_dates_check CHECK (valid_to >= valid_from),
+    CONSTRAINT flyers_file_name_check CHECK (TRIM(file_name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT flyers_image_url_check CHECK (image_url ~* '^https?://.*'),
+    CONSTRAINT flyers_icon_url_check CHECK (icon_url ~* '^https?://.*'),
+    CONSTRAINT flyers_checksum_check CHECK (checksum IS NULL OR length(checksum) = 64)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.flyers IS 'Stores metadata for each processed flyer, linking it to a store and its validity period.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_store_id ON public.flyers(store_id);
@@ -151,9 +175,9 @@ COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyers.status IS 'The processing status of the flyer, e
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyers.item_count IS 'A cached count of the number of items in this flyer, maintained by a trigger.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyers.uploaded_by IS 'The user who uploaded the flyer. Can be null for anonymous or system uploads.';
 
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_status ON public.flyers(status);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_created_at ON public.flyers (created_at DESC);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_valid_to_file_name ON public.flyers (valid_to DESC, file_name ASC);
-CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyers_status ON public.flyers(status);
 -- 7. The 'master_grocery_items' table. This is the master dictionary.
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.master_grocery_items (
     master_grocery_item_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
@@ -163,7 +187,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.master_grocery_items (
     allergy_info JSONB,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL
+    created_by UUID REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT master_grocery_items_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.master_grocery_items IS 'The master dictionary of canonical grocery items. Each item has a unique name and is linked to a category.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_master_grocery_items_category_id ON public.master_grocery_items(category_id);
@@ -188,7 +213,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.brands (
     logo_url TEXT,
     store_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT brands_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT brands_logo_url_check CHECK (logo_url IS NULL OR logo_url ~* '^https?://.*')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.brands IS 'Stores brand names like "Coca-Cola", "Maple Leaf", or "Kraft".';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.brands.store_id IS 'If this is a store-specific brand (e.g., President''s Choice), this links to the parent store.';
@@ -203,7 +230,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.products (
     size TEXT,
     upc_code TEXT UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT products_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT products_upc_code_check CHECK (upc_code IS NULL OR upc_code ~ '^[0-9]{8,14}$')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.products IS 'Represents a specific, sellable product, combining a generic item with a brand and size.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.products.upc_code IS 'Universal Product Code, if available, for exact product matching.';
@@ -219,18 +248,22 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.flyer_items (
   flyer_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.flyers(flyer_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
   item TEXT NOT NULL,
   price_display TEXT NOT NULL,
-  price_in_cents INTEGER,
+  price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (price_in_cents IS NULL OR price_in_cents >= 0),
   quantity_num NUMERIC,
   quantity TEXT NOT NULL,
   category_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.categories(category_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,  
   category_name TEXT,
   unit_price JSONB,
-  view_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-  click_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+  view_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (view_count >= 0),
+  click_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (click_count >= 0),
   master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
   product_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.products(product_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
   created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+  updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_item_check CHECK (TRIM(item) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_price_display_check CHECK (TRIM(price_display) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_quantity_check CHECK (TRIM(quantity) <> ''),
+  CONSTRAINT flyer_items_category_name_check CHECK (category_name IS NULL OR TRIM(category_name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.flyer_items IS 'Stores individual items extracted from a specific flyer.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.flyer_items.flyer_id IS 'Foreign key linking this item to its parent flyer in the `flyers` table.';
@@ -249,6 +282,8 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_master_item_id ON public.flyer_items(
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_category_id ON public.flyer_items(category_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_product_id ON public.flyer_items(product_id);
 -- Add a GIN index to the 'item' column for fast fuzzy text searching.
+-- This partial index is optimized for queries that find the best price for an item.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_flyer_items_master_item_price ON public.flyer_items (master_item_id, price_in_cents ASC) WHERE price_in_cents IS NOT NULL;
 -- This requires the pg_trgm extension.
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS flyer_items_item_trgm_idx ON public.flyer_items USING GIN (item gin_trgm_ops);
 
@@ -257,7 +292,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_alerts (
     user_alert_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     user_watched_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.user_watched_items(user_watched_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     alert_type TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (alert_type IN ('PRICE_BELOW', 'PERCENT_OFF_AVERAGE')),
-    threshold_value NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    threshold_value NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (threshold_value > 0),
     is_active BOOLEAN DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
@@ -275,7 +310,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.notifications (
     link_url TEXT,
     is_read BOOLEAN DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT notifications_content_check CHECK (TRIM(content) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.notifications IS 'A central log of notifications generated for users, such as price alerts.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.notifications.content IS 'The notification message displayed to the user.';
@@ -301,13 +337,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.item_price_history (
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     summary_date DATE NOT NULL,
     store_location_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.store_locations(store_location_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    min_price_in_cents INTEGER,
-    max_price_in_cents INTEGER,
-    avg_price_in_cents INTEGER,
-    data_points_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    min_price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (min_price_in_cents IS NULL OR min_price_in_cents >= 0),
+    max_price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (max_price_in_cents IS NULL OR max_price_in_cents >= 0),
+    avg_price_in_cents INTEGER CHECK (avg_price_in_cents IS NULL OR avg_price_in_cents >= 0),
+    data_points_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (data_points_count >= 0),
     UNIQUE(master_item_id, summary_date, store_location_id),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT item_price_history_price_order_check CHECK (min_price_in_cents <= max_price_in_cents)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.item_price_history IS 'Serves as a summary table to speed up charting and analytics.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.item_price_history.summary_date IS 'The date for which the price data is summarized.';
@@ -324,7 +361,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.master_item_aliases (
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     alias TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT master_item_aliases_alias_check CHECK (TRIM(alias) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.master_item_aliases IS 'Stores synonyms or alternative names for master items to improve matching.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.master_item_aliases.alias IS 'An alternative name, e.g., "Ground Chuck" for the master item "Ground Beef".';
@@ -336,7 +374,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shopping_lists (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     name TEXT NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT shopping_lists_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.shopping_lists IS 'Stores user-created shopping lists, e.g., "Weekly Groceries".';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_shopping_lists_user_id ON public.shopping_lists(user_id);
@@ -347,12 +386,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shopping_list_items (
     shopping_list_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.shopping_lists(shopping_list_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     custom_item_name TEXT,
-    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
     is_purchased BOOLEAN DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
     notes TEXT,
     added_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    CONSTRAINT must_have_item_identifier CHECK (master_item_id IS NOT NULL OR custom_item_name IS NOT NULL)
+    CONSTRAINT must_have_item_identifier CHECK (master_item_id IS NOT NULL OR custom_item_name IS NOT NULL),
+    CONSTRAINT shopping_list_items_custom_item_name_check CHECK (custom_item_name IS NULL OR TRIM(custom_item_name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.shopping_list_items IS 'Contains individual items for a specific shopping list.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.shopping_list_items.custom_item_name IS 'For items not in the master list, e.g., "Grandma''s special spice mix".';
@@ -384,7 +424,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.menu_plans (
     start_date DATE NOT NULL,
     end_date DATE NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,    
+    CONSTRAINT menu_plans_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
     CONSTRAINT date_range_check CHECK (end_date >= start_date)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.menu_plans IS 'Represents a user''s meal plan for a specific period, e.g., "Week of Oct 23".';
@@ -413,11 +454,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.suggested_corrections (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     correction_type TEXT NOT NULL,
     suggested_value TEXT NOT NULL,
-    status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL,
+    status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('pending', 'approved', 'rejected')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     reviewed_notes TEXT,
     reviewed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT suggested_corrections_correction_type_check CHECK (TRIM(correction_type) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT suggested_corrections_suggested_value_check CHECK (TRIM(suggested_value) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.suggested_corrections IS 'A queue for user-submitted data corrections, enabling crowdsourced data quality improvements.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.suggested_corrections.correction_type IS 'The type of error the user is reporting.';
@@ -433,12 +476,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_submitted_prices (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     store_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    price_in_cents INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    price_in_cents INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (price_in_cents > 0),
     photo_url TEXT,
-    upvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    downvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    upvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (upvotes >= 0),
+    downvotes INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (downvotes >= 0),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT user_submitted_prices_photo_url_check CHECK (photo_url IS NULL OR photo_url ~* '^https?://.*')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.user_submitted_prices IS 'Stores item prices submitted by users directly from physical stores.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.user_submitted_prices.photo_url IS 'URL to user-submitted photo evidence of the price.';
@@ -449,7 +493,8 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_submitted_prices_master_item_id ON public.us
 -- 22. Log flyer items that could not be automatically matched to a master item.
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.unmatched_flyer_items (
     unmatched_flyer_item_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
-    flyer_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.flyer_items(flyer_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,    status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('pending', 'resolved', 'ignored')),
+    flyer_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.flyer_items(flyer_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,    
+    status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('pending', 'resolved', 'ignored')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     reviewed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
     UNIQUE(flyer_item_id),
@@ -479,20 +524,22 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipes (
     name TEXT NOT NULL,
     description TEXT,
     instructions TEXT,
-    prep_time_minutes INTEGER,
-    cook_time_minutes INTEGER,
-    servings INTEGER,
+    prep_time_minutes INTEGER CHECK (prep_time_minutes IS NULL OR prep_time_minutes >= 0),
+    cook_time_minutes INTEGER CHECK (cook_time_minutes IS NULL OR cook_time_minutes >= 0),
+    servings INTEGER CHECK (servings IS NULL OR servings > 0),
     photo_url TEXT,
     calories_per_serving INTEGER,
     protein_grams NUMERIC,
     fat_grams NUMERIC,
     carb_grams NUMERIC,
-    avg_rating NUMERIC(2,1) DEFAULT 0.0 NOT NULL,
+    avg_rating NUMERIC(2,1) DEFAULT 0.0 NOT NULL CHECK (avg_rating >= 0.0 AND avg_rating <= 5.0),    
     status TEXT DEFAULT 'private' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('private', 'pending_review', 'public', 'rejected')),
-    rating_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
-    fork_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,
+    rating_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (rating_count >= 0),
+    fork_count INTEGER DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL CHECK (fork_count >= 0),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipes_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT recipes_photo_url_check CHECK (photo_url IS NULL OR photo_url ~* '^https?://.*')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipes IS 'Stores recipes that can be used to generate shopping lists.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipes.servings IS 'The number of servings this recipe yields.';
@@ -507,6 +554,8 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_user_id ON public.recipes(user_id);
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_original_recipe_id ON public.recipes(original_recipe_id);
 -- Add a partial unique index to ensure system-wide recipes (user_id IS NULL) have unique names.
 -- This allows different users to have recipes with the same name.
+-- This index helps speed up sorting for recipe recommendations.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_rating_sort ON public.recipes (avg_rating DESC, rating_count DESC);
 CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipes_unique_system_recipe_name ON public.recipes(name) WHERE user_id IS NULL;
 
 -- 27. For ingredients required for each recipe.
@@ -514,10 +563,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipe_ingredients (
     recipe_ingredient_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     recipe_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.recipes(recipe_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
     unit TEXT NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipe_ingredients_unit_check CHECK (TRIM(unit) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipe_ingredients IS 'Defines the ingredients and quantities needed for a recipe.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipe_ingredients.unit IS 'e.g., "cups", "tbsp", "g", "each".';
@@ -544,7 +594,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.tags (
     tag_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT tags_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.tags IS 'Stores tags for categorizing recipes, e.g., "Vegetarian", "Quick & Easy".';
 
@@ -566,7 +617,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.appliances (
     appliance_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT appliances_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.appliances IS 'A predefined list of kitchen appliances (e.g., Air Fryer, Instant Pot).';
 
@@ -606,7 +658,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipe_comments (
     content TEXT NOT NULL,
     status TEXT DEFAULT 'visible' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('visible', 'hidden', 'reported')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipe_comments_content_check CHECK (TRIM(content) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipe_comments IS 'Allows for threaded discussions and comments on recipes.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.recipe_comments.parent_comment_id IS 'For threaded comments.';
@@ -620,7 +673,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.pantry_locations (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     name TEXT NOT NULL,    
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,    
+    CONSTRAINT pantry_locations_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
     UNIQUE(user_id, name)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.pantry_locations IS 'User-defined locations for organizing pantry items (e.g., "Fridge", "Freezer", "Spice Rack").';
@@ -634,8 +688,9 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.planned_meals (
     plan_date DATE NOT NULL,    
     meal_type TEXT NOT NULL,
     servings_to_cook INTEGER,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,    
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT planned_meals_meal_type_check CHECK (TRIM(meal_type) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.planned_meals IS 'Assigns a recipe to a specific day and meal type within a user''s menu plan.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.planned_meals.meal_type IS 'The designated meal for the recipe, e.g., ''Breakfast'', ''Lunch'', ''Dinner''.';
@@ -647,7 +702,7 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.pantry_items (
     pantry_item_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (quantity >= 0),
     unit TEXT,
     best_before_date DATE,
     pantry_location_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.pantry_locations(pantry_location_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
@@ -670,7 +725,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.password_reset_tokens (
     token_hash TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     expires_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT password_reset_tokens_token_hash_check CHECK (TRIM(token_hash) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.password_reset_tokens IS 'Stores secure, single-use tokens for password reset requests.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.password_reset_tokens.token_hash IS 'A bcrypt hash of the reset token sent to the user.';
@@ -685,10 +741,13 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.unit_conversions (
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     from_unit TEXT NOT NULL,
     to_unit TEXT NOT NULL,
-    factor NUMERIC NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE(master_item_id, from_unit, to_unit),
+    factor NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (factor > 0),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(master_item_id, from_unit, to_unit),
+    CONSTRAINT unit_conversions_from_unit_check CHECK (TRIM(from_unit) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT unit_conversions_to_unit_check CHECK (TRIM(to_unit) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT unit_conversions_units_check CHECK (from_unit <> to_unit)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.unit_conversions IS 'Stores item-specific unit conversion factors (e.g., grams of flour to cups).';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.unit_conversions.factor IS 'The multiplication factor to convert from_unit to to_unit.';
@@ -700,9 +759,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.user_item_aliases (
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     alias TEXT NOT NULL,
-    UNIQUE(user_id, alias),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    UNIQUE(user_id, alias),
+    CONSTRAINT user_item_aliases_alias_check CHECK (TRIM(alias) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.user_item_aliases IS 'Allows users to create personal aliases for grocery items (e.g., "Dad''s Cereal").';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_item_aliases_user_id ON public.user_item_aliases(user_id);
@@ -739,7 +799,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.recipe_collections (
     name TEXT NOT NULL,
     description TEXT,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT recipe_collections_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.recipe_collections IS 'Allows users to create personal collections of recipes (e.g., "Holiday Baking").';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_recipe_collections_user_id ON public.recipe_collections(user_id);
@@ -764,8 +825,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shared_recipe_collections (
     shared_with_user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     permission_level TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (permission_level IN ('view', 'edit')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     UNIQUE(recipe_collection_id, shared_with_user_id)
 );
+-- This index is crucial for efficiently finding all collections shared with a specific user.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_shared_recipe_collections_shared_with ON public.shared_recipe_collections(shared_with_user_id);
 
 -- 45. Log user search queries for analysis.
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.search_queries (
@@ -775,7 +839,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.search_queries (
     result_count INTEGER,
     was_successful BOOLEAN,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT search_queries_query_text_check CHECK (TRIM(query_text) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.search_queries IS 'Logs user search queries to analyze search effectiveness and identify gaps in data.';
 COMMENT ON COLUMN public.search_queries.was_successful IS 'Indicates if the user interacted with a search result.';
@@ -801,10 +866,11 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.shopping_trip_items (
     shopping_trip_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.shopping_trips(shopping_trip_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     custom_item_name TEXT,
-    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
     price_paid_cents INTEGER,    
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT shopping_trip_items_custom_item_name_check CHECK (custom_item_name IS NULL OR TRIM(custom_item_name) <> ''),
     CONSTRAINT trip_must_have_item_identifier CHECK (master_item_id IS NOT NULL OR custom_item_name IS NOT NULL)
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.shopping_trip_items IS 'A historical log of items purchased during a shopping trip.';
@@ -818,7 +884,8 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.dietary_restrictions (
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     type TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (type IN ('diet', 'allergy')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT dietary_restrictions_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.dietary_restrictions IS 'A predefined list of common diets (e.g., Vegan) and allergies (e.g., Nut Allergy).';
 
@@ -868,11 +935,12 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.receipts (
     store_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.stores(store_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     receipt_image_url TEXT NOT NULL,
     transaction_date TIMESTAMPTZ,
-    total_amount_cents INTEGER,
+    total_amount_cents INTEGER CHECK (total_amount_cents IS NULL OR total_amount_cents >= 0),
     status TEXT DEFAULT 'pending' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('pending', 'processing', 'completed', 'failed')),
     raw_text TEXT,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    processed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    processed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,    
+    CONSTRAINT receipts_receipt_image_url_check CHECK (receipt_image_url ~* '^https?://.*'),
     updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.receipts IS 'Stores uploaded user receipts for purchase tracking and analysis.';
@@ -884,13 +952,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.receipt_items (
     receipt_item_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     receipt_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES public.receipts(receipt_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     raw_item_description TEXT NOT NULL,
-    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL,
-    price_paid_cents INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    quantity NUMERIC DEFAULT 1 NOT NULL CHECK (quantity > 0),
+    price_paid_cents INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (price_paid_cents >= 0),
     master_item_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.master_grocery_items(master_grocery_item_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     product_id BIGINT REFERENCES public.products(product_id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
     status TEXT DEFAULT 'unmatched' NOT NULL CHECK (status IN ('unmatched', 'matched', 'needs_review', 'ignored')),
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT receipt_items_raw_item_description_check CHECK (TRIM(raw_item_description) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.receipt_items IS 'Stores individual line items extracted from a user receipt.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_receipt_items_receipt_id ON public.receipt_items(receipt_id);
@@ -929,11 +998,12 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.budgets (
     budget_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY,
     user_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES public.users(user_id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
     name TEXT NOT NULL,
-    amount_cents INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    amount_cents INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (amount_cents > 0),
     period TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (period IN ('weekly', 'monthly')),
     start_date DATE NOT NULL,
     created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
-    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT budgets_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.budgets IS 'Allows users to set weekly or monthly grocery budgets for spending tracking.';
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_budgets_user_id ON public.budgets(user_id);
@@ -944,8 +1014,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS public.achievements (
     name TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
     description TEXT NOT NULL,
     icon TEXT,
-    points_value INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
-    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL
+    points_value INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 CHECK (points_value >= 0),
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT now() NOT NULL,
+    CONSTRAINT achievements_name_check CHECK (TRIM(name) <> ''),
+    CONSTRAINT achievements_description_check CHECK (TRIM(description) <> '')
 );
 COMMENT ON TABLE public.achievements IS 'A static table defining the available achievements users can earn.';
 
@@ -1041,6 +1113,7 @@ DECLARE
     ground_beef_id BIGINT; pasta_item_id BIGINT; tomatoes_id BIGINT; onions_id BIGINT; garlic_id BIGINT;
     bell_peppers_id BIGINT; carrots_id BIGINT; soy_sauce_id BIGINT;
     soda_item_id BIGINT; turkey_item_id BIGINT; bread_item_id BIGINT; cheese_item_id BIGINT;
+    chicken_thighs_id BIGINT; paper_towels_id BIGINT; toilet_paper_id BIGINT;
 
     -- Tag IDs
     quick_easy_tag BIGINT; healthy_tag BIGINT; chicken_tag BIGINT;
@@ -1092,6 +1165,9 @@ BEGIN
     SELECT mgi.master_grocery_item_id INTO turkey_item_id FROM public.master_grocery_items mgi WHERE mgi.name = 'turkey';
     SELECT mgi.master_grocery_item_id INTO bread_item_id FROM public.master_grocery_items mgi WHERE mgi.name = 'bread';
     SELECT mgi.master_grocery_item_id INTO cheese_item_id FROM public.master_grocery_items mgi WHERE mgi.name = 'cheese';
+    SELECT mgi.master_grocery_item_id INTO chicken_thighs_id FROM public.master_grocery_items mgi WHERE mgi.name = 'chicken thighs';
+    SELECT mgi.master_grocery_item_id INTO paper_towels_id FROM public.master_grocery_items mgi WHERE mgi.name = 'paper towels';
+    SELECT mgi.master_grocery_item_id INTO toilet_paper_id FROM public.master_grocery_items mgi WHERE mgi.name = 'toilet paper';
 
     -- Insert ingredients for each recipe
     INSERT INTO public.recipe_ingredients (recipe_id, master_item_id, quantity, unit) VALUES
@@ -1128,6 +1204,17 @@ BEGIN
     (bolognese_recipe_id, family_tag), (bolognese_recipe_id, beef_tag), (bolognese_recipe_id, weeknight_tag),
     (stir_fry_recipe_id, quick_easy_tag), (stir_fry_recipe_id, healthy_tag), (stir_fry_recipe_id, vegetarian_tag)
     ON CONFLICT (recipe_id, tag_id) DO NOTHING;
+
+    INSERT INTO public.master_item_aliases (master_item_id, alias) VALUES
+    (ground_beef_id, 'ground chuck'), (ground_beef_id, 'lean ground beef'), 
+    (ground_beef_id, 'extra lean ground beef'), (ground_beef_id, 'hamburger meat'),
+    (chicken_breast_id, 'boneless skinless chicken breast'), (chicken_breast_id, 'chicken cutlets'),
+    (chicken_thighs_id, 'boneless skinless chicken thighs'), (chicken_thighs_id, 'bone-in chicken thighs'),
+    (bell_peppers_id, 'red pepper'), (bell_peppers_id, 'green pepper'), (bell_peppers_id, 'yellow pepper'), (bell_peppers_id, 'orange pepper'),
+    (soda_item_id, 'pop'), (soda_item_id, 'soft drink'), (soda_item_id, 'coke'), (soda_item_id, 'pepsi'),
+    (paper_towels_id, 'paper towel'),
+    (toilet_paper_id, 'bathroom tissue'), (toilet_paper_id, 'toilet tissue')
+    ON CONFLICT (alias) DO NOTHING;
 END $$;
 
 -- Pre-populate the unit_conversions table with common cooking conversions.
@@ -1176,7 +1263,8 @@ INSERT INTO public.achievements (name, description, icon, points_value) VALUES
 ('List Sharer', 'Share a shopping list with another user for the first time.', 'list', 20),
 ('First Favorite', 'Mark a recipe as one of your favorites.', 'heart', 5),
 ('First Fork', 'Make a personal copy of a public recipe.', 'git-fork', 10),
-('First Budget Created', 'Create your first budget to track spending.', 'piggy-bank', 15)
+('First Budget Created', 'Create your first budget to track spending.', 'piggy-bank', 15),
+('First-Upload', 'Upload your first flyer.', 'upload-cloud', 25)
 ON CONFLICT (name) DO NOTHING;
 
 -- ============================================================================
@@ -2042,6 +2130,61 @@ AS $$
   ORDER BY potential_savings_cents DESC;
 $$;
 
+-- Function to get a user's spending breakdown by category for a given date range.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.get_spending_by_category(UUID, DATE, DATE);
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.get_spending_by_category(p_user_id UUID, p_start_date DATE, p_end_date DATE)
+RETURNS TABLE (
+    category_id BIGINT,
+    category_name TEXT,
+    total_spent_cents BIGINT
+)
+LANGUAGE sql
+STABLE
+SECURITY INVOKER
+AS $$
+  WITH all_purchases AS (
+    -- CTE 1: Combine purchases from completed shopping trips.
+    -- We only consider items that have a price paid.
+    SELECT
+      sti.master_item_id,
+      sti.price_paid_cents
+    FROM public.shopping_trip_items sti
+    JOIN public.shopping_trips st ON sti.shopping_trip_id = st.shopping_trip_id
+    WHERE st.user_id = p_user_id
+      AND st.completed_at::date BETWEEN p_start_date AND p_end_date
+      AND sti.price_paid_cents IS NOT NULL
+
+    UNION ALL
+
+    -- CTE 2: Combine purchases from processed receipts.
+    SELECT
+      ri.master_item_id,
+      ri.price_paid_cents
+    FROM public.receipt_items ri
+    JOIN public.receipts r ON ri.receipt_id = r.receipt_id
+    WHERE r.user_id = p_user_id
+      AND r.transaction_date::date BETWEEN p_start_date AND p_end_date
+      AND ri.master_item_id IS NOT NULL -- Only include items matched to a master item
+  )
+  -- Final Aggregation: Group all combined purchases by category and sum the spending.
+  SELECT
+    c.category_id,
+    c.name AS category_name,
+    SUM(ap.price_paid_cents)::BIGINT AS total_spent_cents
+  FROM all_purchases ap
+  -- Join with master_grocery_items to get the category_id for each purchase.
+  JOIN public.master_grocery_items mgi ON ap.master_item_id = mgi.master_grocery_item_id
+  -- Join with categories to get the category name for display.
+  JOIN public.categories c ON mgi.category_id = c.category_id
+  GROUP BY
+    c.category_id, c.name
+  HAVING
+    SUM(ap.price_paid_cents) > 0
+  ORDER BY
+    total_spent_cents DESC;
+$$;
+
 -- Function to approve a suggested correction and apply it.
 DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.approve_correction(BIGINT);
 
@@ -2485,8 +2628,15 @@ DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.log_new_flyer();
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.log_new_flyer()
 RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
 BEGIN
-    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (action, display_text, icon, details)
+    -- If the flyer was uploaded by a registered user, award the 'First-Upload' achievement.
+    -- The award_achievement function handles checking if the user already has it.
+    IF NEW.uploaded_by IS NOT NULL THEN
+        PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.uploaded_by, 'First-Upload');
+    END IF;
+
+    INSERT INTO public.activity_log (user_id, action, display_text, icon, details)
     VALUES (
+        NEW.uploaded_by, -- Log the user who uploaded it
         'flyer_uploaded',
         'A new flyer for ' || (SELECT name FROM public.stores WHERE store_id = NEW.store_id) || ' has been uploaded.',
         'file-text',
@@ -2544,6 +2694,7 @@ BEGIN
         (SELECT full_name FROM public.profiles WHERE user_id = NEW.shared_by_user_id) || ' shared a shopping list.',
         'share-2',
         jsonb_build_object(
+            'shopping_list_id', NEW.shopping_list_id,
             'list_name', (SELECT name FROM public.shopping_lists WHERE shopping_list_id = NEW.shopping_list_id),
             'shared_with_user_id', NEW.shared_with_user_id
         )
@@ -2591,6 +2742,66 @@ CREATE TRIGGER on_new_recipe_collection_share
   AFTER INSERT ON public.shared_recipe_collections
   FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.log_new_recipe_collection_share();
 
+-- 10. Trigger function to geocode a store location's address.
+-- This function is triggered when an address is inserted or updated, and is
+-- designed to be extensible for external geocoding services to populate the
+-- latitude, longitude, and location fields.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.geocode_address();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.geocode_address()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+DECLARE
+    full_address TEXT;
+BEGIN
+    -- Only proceed if an address component has actually changed.
+    IF TG_OP = 'INSERT' OR (TG_OP = 'UPDATE' AND (
+        NEW.address_line_1 IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.address_line_1 OR
+        NEW.address_line_2 IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.address_line_2 OR
+        NEW.city IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.city OR
+        NEW.province_state IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.province_state OR
+        NEW.postal_code IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.postal_code OR
+        NEW.country IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country
+    )) THEN
+        -- Concatenate address parts into a single string for the geocoder.
+        full_address := CONCAT_WS(', ', NEW.address_line_1, NEW.address_line_2, NEW.city, NEW.province_state, NEW.postal_code, NEW.country);
+
+        -- Placeholder for Geocoding API Call.
+        -- In a real application, you would call a service here and update NEW.latitude, NEW.longitude, and NEW.location.
+        -- e.g., NEW.latitude := result.lat; NEW.longitude := result.lon;
+        -- NEW.location := ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(NEW.longitude, NEW.latitude), 4326);
+    END IF;
+
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+-- This trigger calls the geocoding function when an address changes.
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_address_change_geocode ON public.addresses;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_address_change_geocode
+  BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON public.addresses
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.geocode_address();
+
+-- 11. Trigger function to increment the fork_count on the original recipe.
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.increment_recipe_fork_count();
+
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.increment_recipe_fork_count()
+RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN
+    -- Only run if the recipe is a fork (original_recipe_id is not null).
+    IF NEW.original_recipe_id IS NOT NULL THEN
+        UPDATE public.recipes SET fork_count = fork_count + 1 WHERE recipe_id = NEW.original_recipe_id;
+        -- Award 'First Fork' achievement.
+        PERFORM public.award_achievement(NEW.user_id, 'First Fork');
+    END IF;
+    RETURN NEW;
+END;
+$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+
+DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS on_recipe_fork ON public.recipes;
+CREATE TRIGGER on_recipe_fork
+  AFTER INSERT ON public.recipes
+  FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION public.increment_recipe_fork_count();
+
 -- =================================================================
 -- Function: get_best_sale_prices_for_all_users()
 -- Description: Retrieves the best sale price for every item on every user's watchlist.
@@ -2598,16 +2809,19 @@ CREATE TRIGGER on_new_recipe_collection_share
 -- It replaces the need to call get_best_sale_prices_for_user for each user individually.
 -- Returns: TABLE(...) - A set of records including user details and deal information.
 -- =================================================================
+DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS public.get_best_sale_prices_for_all_users();
+
 CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.get_best_sale_prices_for_all_users()
 RETURNS TABLE(
     user_id uuid,
+
     email text,
     full_name text,
-    master_item_id integer,
+    master_item_id bigint,
     item_name text,
     best_price_in_cents integer,
     store_name text,
-    flyer_id integer,
+    flyer_id bigint,
     valid_to date
 ) AS $$
 BEGIN
@@ -2615,22 +2829,27 @@ BEGIN
     WITH
     -- Step 1: Find all flyer items that are currently on sale and have a valid price.
     current_sales AS (
+
         SELECT
             fi.master_item_id,
             fi.price_in_cents,
-            f.store_name,
+            s.name as store_name,
             f.flyer_id,
             f.valid_to
         FROM public.flyer_items fi
         JOIN public.flyers f ON fi.flyer_id = f.flyer_id
+        JOIN public.stores s ON f.store_id = s.store_id
         WHERE
+
             fi.master_item_id IS NOT NULL
             AND fi.price_in_cents IS NOT NULL
             AND f.valid_to >= CURRENT_DATE
     ),
     -- Step 2: For each master item, find its absolute best (lowest) price across all current sales.
     -- We use a window function to rank the sales for each item by price.
+
     best_prices AS (
+
         SELECT
             cs.master_item_id,
             cs.price_in_cents AS best_price_in_cents,
@@ -2643,6 +2862,7 @@ BEGIN
     )
     -- Step 3: Join the best-priced items with the user watchlist and user details.
     SELECT
+
         u.user_id,
         u.email,
         p.full_name,
@@ -2662,6 +2882,7 @@ BEGIN
     JOIN public.master_grocery_items mgi ON bp.master_item_id = mgi.master_grocery_item_id
     WHERE
         -- Only include the items that are at their absolute best price (rank = 1).
+
         bp.price_rank = 1;
 END;
 $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

src/App.test.tsx

@@ -20,10 +20,98 @@ import {
   mockUseUserData,
   mockUseFlyerItems,
 } from './tests/setup/mockHooks';
+import './tests/setup/mockUI';
 import { useAppInitialization } from './hooks/useAppInitialization';
 
 // Mock top-level components rendered by App's routes
 
+vi.mock('./components/Header', () => ({
+  Header: ({ onOpenProfile, onOpenVoiceAssistant }: any) => (
+    <div data-testid="header-mock">
+      <button onClick={onOpenProfile}>Open Profile</button>
+      <button onClick={onOpenVoiceAssistant}>Open Voice Assistant</button>
+    </div>
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./components/Footer', () => ({
+  Footer: () => <div data-testid="footer-mock">Mock Footer</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./layouts/MainLayout', async () => {
+  const { Outlet } = await vi.importActual<typeof import('react-router-dom')>('react-router-dom');
+  return {
+    MainLayout: () => (
+      <div data-testid="main-layout-mock">
+        <Outlet />
+      </div>
+    ),
+  };
+});
+
+vi.mock('./pages/HomePage', () => ({
+  HomePage: ({ selectedFlyer, onOpenCorrectionTool }: any) => (
+    <div data-testid="home-page-mock" data-selected-flyer-id={selectedFlyer?.flyer_id}>
+      <button onClick={onOpenCorrectionTool}>Open Correction Tool</button>
+    </div>
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./pages/admin/AdminPage', () => ({
+  AdminPage: () => <div data-testid="admin-page-mock">AdminPage</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./pages/admin/CorrectionsPage', () => ({
+  CorrectionsPage: () => <div data-testid="corrections-page-mock">CorrectionsPage</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./pages/admin/AdminStatsPage', () => ({
+  AdminStatsPage: () => <div data-testid="admin-stats-page-mock">AdminStatsPage</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./pages/admin/FlyerReviewPage', () => ({
+  FlyerReviewPage: () => <div data-testid="flyer-review-page-mock">FlyerReviewPage</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./pages/VoiceLabPage', () => ({
+  VoiceLabPage: () => <div data-testid="voice-lab-page-mock">VoiceLabPage</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./pages/ResetPasswordPage', () => ({
+  ResetPasswordPage: () => <div data-testid="reset-password-page-mock">ResetPasswordPage</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./pages/admin/components/ProfileManager', () => ({
+  ProfileManager: ({ isOpen, onClose, onProfileUpdate, onLoginSuccess }: any) =>
+    isOpen ? (
+      <div data-testid="profile-manager-mock">
+        <button onClick={onClose}>Close Profile</button>
+        <button onClick={() => onProfileUpdate({ full_name: 'Updated' })}>Update Profile</button>
+        <button onClick={() => onLoginSuccess({}, 'token', false)}>Login</button>
+      </div>
+    ) : null,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./features/voice-assistant/VoiceAssistant', () => ({
+  VoiceAssistant: ({ isOpen, onClose }: any) =>
+    isOpen ? (
+      <div data-testid="voice-assistant-mock">
+        <button onClick={onClose}>Close Voice Assistant</button>
+      </div>
+    ) : null,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./components/FlyerCorrectionTool', () => ({
+  FlyerCorrectionTool: ({ isOpen, onClose, onDataExtracted }: any) =>
+    isOpen ? (
+      <div data-testid="flyer-correction-tool-mock">
+        <button onClick={onClose}>Close Correction</button>
+        <button onClick={() => onDataExtracted('store_name', 'New Store')}>Extract Store</button>
+        <button onClick={() => onDataExtracted('dates', 'New Dates')}>Extract Dates</button>
+      </div>
+    ) : null,
+}));
+
 // Mock pdfjs-dist to prevent the "DOMMatrix is not defined" error in JSDOM.
 // This must be done in any test file that imports App.tsx.
 vi.mock('pdfjs-dist', () => ({
@@ -61,71 +149,6 @@ vi.mock('./hooks/useAuth', async () => {
   return { useAuth: hooks.mockUseAuth };
 });
 
-vi.mock('./components/Footer', async () => {
-  const { MockFooter } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { Footer: MockFooter };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./components/Header', async () => {
-  const { MockHeader } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { Header: MockHeader };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./pages/HomePage', async () => {
-  const { MockHomePage } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { HomePage: MockHomePage };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./pages/admin/AdminPage', async () => {
-  const { MockAdminPage } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { AdminPage: MockAdminPage };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./pages/admin/CorrectionsPage', async () => {
-  const { MockCorrectionsPage } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { CorrectionsPage: MockCorrectionsPage };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./pages/admin/AdminStatsPage', async () => {
-  const { MockAdminStatsPage } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { AdminStatsPage: MockAdminStatsPage };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./pages/VoiceLabPage', async () => {
-  const { MockVoiceLabPage } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { VoiceLabPage: MockVoiceLabPage };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./pages/ResetPasswordPage', async () => {
-  const { MockResetPasswordPage } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { ResetPasswordPage: MockResetPasswordPage };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./pages/admin/components/ProfileManager', async () => {
-  const { MockProfileManager } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { ProfileManager: MockProfileManager };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./features/voice-assistant/VoiceAssistant', async () => {
-  const { MockVoiceAssistant } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { VoiceAssistant: MockVoiceAssistant };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./components/FlyerCorrectionTool', async () => {
-  const { MockFlyerCorrectionTool } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { FlyerCorrectionTool: MockFlyerCorrectionTool };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./components/WhatsNewModal', async () => {
-  const { MockWhatsNewModal } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { WhatsNewModal: MockWhatsNewModal };
-});
-
-vi.mock('./layouts/MainLayout', async () => {
-  const { MockMainLayout } = await import('./tests/utils/componentMocks');
-  return { MainLayout: MockMainLayout };
-});
-
 vi.mock('./components/AppGuard', async () => {
   // We need to use the real useModal hook inside our mock AppGuard
   const { useModal } = await vi.importActual<typeof import('./hooks/useModal')>('./hooks/useModal');
@@ -192,6 +215,7 @@ describe('App Component', () => {
     mockUseUserData.mockReturnValue({
       watchedItems: [],
       shoppingLists: [],
+      isLoadingShoppingLists: false,
       setWatchedItems: vi.fn(),
       setShoppingLists: vi.fn(),
     });
@@ -361,12 +385,8 @@ describe('App Component', () => {
     it('should select a flyer when flyerId is present in the URL', async () => {
       renderApp(['/flyers/2']);
 
-      // The HomePage mock will be rendered. The important part is that the selection logic
-      // in App.tsx runs and passes the correct `selectedFlyer` prop down.
-      // Since HomePage is mocked, we can't see the direct result, but we can
-      // infer that the logic ran without crashing and the correct route was matched.
       await waitFor(() => {
-        expect(screen.getByTestId('home-page-mock')).toBeInTheDocument();
+        expect(screen.getByTestId('home-page-mock')).toHaveAttribute('data-selected-flyer-id', '2');
       });
     });
 

src/App.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 // src/App.tsx
 import React, { useState, useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
-import { Routes, Route, useParams } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { Routes, Route, useLocation, matchPath } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import * as pdfjsLib from 'pdfjs-dist';
 import { Footer } from './components/Footer';
@@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ function App() {
   const { flyers } = useFlyers();
   const [selectedFlyer, setSelectedFlyer] = useState<Flyer | null>(null);
   const { openModal, closeModal, isModalOpen } = useModal();
-  const params = useParams<{ flyerId?: string }>();
+  const location = useLocation();
+  const match = matchPath('/flyers/:flyerId', location.pathname);
+  const flyerIdFromUrl = match?.params.flyerId;
 
   // This hook now handles initialization effects (OAuth, version check, theme)
   // and returns the theme/unit state needed by other components.
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ function App() {
       console.log('[App] Render:', {
         flyersCount: flyers.length,
         selectedFlyerId: selectedFlyer?.flyer_id,
-        paramsFlyerId: params?.flyerId, // This was a duplicate, fixed.
+        flyerIdFromUrl,
         authStatus,
         profileId: userProfile?.user.user_id,
       });
@@ -139,8 +141,6 @@ function App() {
 
   // New effect to handle routing to a specific flyer ID from the URL
   useEffect(() => {
-    const flyerIdFromUrl = params.flyerId;
-
     if (flyerIdFromUrl && flyers.length > 0) {
       const flyerId = parseInt(flyerIdFromUrl, 10);
       const flyerToSelect = flyers.find((f) => f.flyer_id === flyerId);
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ function App() {
         handleFlyerSelect(flyerToSelect);
       }
     }
-  }, [flyers, handleFlyerSelect, selectedFlyer, params.flyerId]);
+  }, [flyers, handleFlyerSelect, selectedFlyer, flyerIdFromUrl]);
 
   // Read the application version injected at build time.
   // This will only be available in the production build, not during local development.

src/components/AchievementsList.test.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 // src/components/AchievementsList.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { AchievementsList } from './AchievementsList';
 import { createMockUserAchievement } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('AchievementsList', () => {
   it('should render the list of achievements with correct details', () => {
@@ -22,9 +23,10 @@ describe('AchievementsList', () => {
         points_value: 15,
       }),
       createMockUserAchievement({ achievement_id: 3, name: 'Unknown Achievement', icon: 'star' }), // This icon is not in the component's map
+      createMockUserAchievement({ achievement_id: 4, name: 'No Icon Achievement', icon: '' }), // Triggers the fallback for missing name
     ];
 
-    render(<AchievementsList achievements={mockAchievements} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AchievementsList achievements={mockAchievements} />);
 
     expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /achievements/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
 
@@ -40,11 +42,19 @@ describe('AchievementsList', () => {
 
     // Check achievement with default icon
     expect(screen.getByText('Unknown Achievement')).toBeInTheDocument();
-    expect(screen.getByText('🏆')).toBeInTheDocument(); // Default icon
+    // We expect at least one trophy (for unknown achievement).
+    // Since we added another one that produces a trophy (No Icon), we use getAllByText.
+    expect(screen.getAllByText('🏆').length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // Check achievement with missing icon (empty string)
+    expect(screen.getByText('No Icon Achievement')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    // Verify the specific placeholder class is rendered, ensuring the early return in Icon component is hit
+    const noIconCard = screen.getByText('No Icon Achievement').closest('.bg-white');
+    expect(noIconCard?.querySelector('.icon-placeholder')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should render a message when there are no achievements', () => {
-    render(<AchievementsList achievements={[]} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AchievementsList achievements={[]} />);
     expect(
       screen.getByText('No achievements earned yet. Keep exploring to unlock them!'),
     ).toBeInTheDocument();

src/components/AdminRoute.test.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // src/components/AdminRoute.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
-import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { MemoryRouter, Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { Routes, Route } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { AdminRoute } from './AdminRoute';
 import type { Profile } from '../types';
 import { createMockProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Unmock the component to test the real implementation
 vi.unmock('./AdminRoute');
@@ -14,15 +15,14 @@ const AdminContent = () => <div>Admin Page Content</div>;
 const HomePage = () => <div>Home Page</div>;
 
 const renderWithRouter = (profile: Profile | null, initialPath: string) => {
-  render(
-    <MemoryRouter initialEntries={[initialPath]}>
-      <Routes>
-        <Route path="/" element={<HomePage />} />
-        <Route path="/admin" element={<AdminRoute profile={profile} />}>
-          <Route index element={<AdminContent />} />
-        </Route>
-      </Routes>
-    </MemoryRouter>,
+  renderWithProviders(
+    <Routes>
+      <Route path="/" element={<HomePage />} />
+      <Route path="/admin" element={<AdminRoute profile={profile} />}>
+        <Route index element={<AdminContent />} />
+      </Route>
+    </Routes>,
+    { initialEntries: [initialPath] },
   );
 };
 

src/components/AnonymousUserBanner.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/components/AnonymousUserBanner.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { AnonymousUserBanner } from './AnonymousUserBanner';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Mock the icon to ensure it is rendered correctly
 vi.mock('./icons/InformationCircleIcon', () => ({
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ vi.mock('./icons/InformationCircleIcon', () => ({
 describe('AnonymousUserBanner', () => {
   it('should render the banner with the correct text content and accessibility role', () => {
     const mockOnOpenProfile = vi.fn();
-    render(<AnonymousUserBanner onOpenProfile={mockOnOpenProfile} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AnonymousUserBanner onOpenProfile={mockOnOpenProfile} />);
 
     // Check for accessibility role
     expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ describe('AnonymousUserBanner', () => {
 
   it('should call onOpenProfile when the "sign up or log in" button is clicked', () => {
     const mockOnOpenProfile = vi.fn();
-    render(<AnonymousUserBanner onOpenProfile={mockOnOpenProfile} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AnonymousUserBanner onOpenProfile={mockOnOpenProfile} />);
 
     const loginButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign up or log in/i });
     fireEvent.click(loginButton);

src/components/AppGuard.test.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 // src/components/AppGuard.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { AppGuard } from './AppGuard';
 import { useAppInitialization } from '../hooks/useAppInitialization';
+import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
 import { useModal } from '../hooks/useModal';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Mock dependencies
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
 vi.mock('../hooks/useAppInitialization');
 vi.mock('../hooks/useModal');
 vi.mock('./WhatsNewModal', () => ({
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ vi.mock('../config', () => ({
   },
 }));
 
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 const mockedUseAppInitialization = vi.mocked(useAppInitialization);
 const mockedUseModal = vi.mocked(useModal);
 
@@ -38,7 +42,7 @@ describe('AppGuard', () => {
   });
 
   it('should render children', () => {
-    render(
+    renderWithProviders(
       <AppGuard>
         <div>Child Content</div>
       </AppGuard>,
@@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ describe('AppGuard', () => {
       ...mockedUseModal(),
       isModalOpen: (modalId) => modalId === 'whatsNew',
     });
-    render(
+    renderWithProviders(
       <AppGuard>
         <div>Child</div>
       </AppGuard>,
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ describe('AppGuard', () => {
       isDarkMode: true,
       unitSystem: 'imperial',
     });
-    render(
+    renderWithProviders(
       <AppGuard>
         <div>Child</div>
       </AppGuard>,
@@ -78,7 +82,7 @@ describe('AppGuard', () => {
   });
 
   it('should set light mode styles for toaster', async () => {
-    render(
+    renderWithProviders(
       <AppGuard>
         <div>Child</div>
       </AppGuard>,

src/components/ConfirmationModal.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/components/ConfirmationModal.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { ConfirmationModal } from './ConfirmationModal';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('ConfirmationModal (in components)', () => {
   const mockOnClose = vi.fn();
@@ -21,12 +22,12 @@ describe('ConfirmationModal (in components)', () => {
   });
 
   it('should not render when isOpen is false', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} isOpen={false} />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} isOpen={false} />);
     expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it('should render correctly when isOpen is true', () => {
-    render(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
     expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Confirm Action' })).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByText('Are you sure you want to do this?')).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm' })).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -34,38 +35,38 @@ describe('ConfirmationModal (in components)', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onConfirm when the confirm button is clicked', () => {
-    render(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm' }));
     expect(mockOnConfirm).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('should call onClose when the cancel button is clicked', () => {
-    render(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Cancel' }));
     expect(mockOnClose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('should call onClose when the close icon is clicked', () => {
-    render(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText('Close confirmation modal'));
     expect(mockOnClose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('should call onClose when the overlay is clicked', () => {
-    render(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
     // The overlay is the parent of the modal content div
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('dialog'));
     expect(mockOnClose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('should not call onClose when clicking inside the modal content', () => {
-    render(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<ConfirmationModal {...defaultProps} />);
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText('Are you sure you want to do this?'));
     expect(mockOnClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
   it('should render custom button text and classes', () => {
-    render(
+    renderWithProviders(
       <ConfirmationModal
         {...defaultProps}
         confirmButtonText="Yes, Delete"

src/components/DarkModeToggle.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/components/DarkModeToggle.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { DarkModeToggle } from './DarkModeToggle';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Mock the icon components to isolate the toggle's logic
 vi.mock('./icons/SunIcon', () => ({
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ describe('DarkModeToggle', () => {
   });
 
   it('should render in light mode state', () => {
-    render(<DarkModeToggle isDarkMode={false} onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<DarkModeToggle isDarkMode={false} onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
 
     const checkbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox');
     expect(checkbox).not.toBeChecked();
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ describe('DarkModeToggle', () => {
   });
 
   it('should render in dark mode state', () => {
-    render(<DarkModeToggle isDarkMode={true} onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<DarkModeToggle isDarkMode={true} onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
 
     const checkbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox');
     expect(checkbox).toBeChecked();
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ describe('DarkModeToggle', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onToggle when the label is clicked', () => {
-    render(<DarkModeToggle isDarkMode={false} onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<DarkModeToggle isDarkMode={false} onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
 
     // Clicking the label triggers the checkbox change
     const label = screen.getByTitle('Switch to Dark Mode');

src/components/Dashboard.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// src/components/Dashboard.test.tsx
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { Dashboard } from './Dashboard';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
+
+// Mock child components to isolate Dashboard logic
+// Note: The Dashboard component imports these using '../components/RecipeSuggester'
+// which resolves to the same file as './RecipeSuggester' when inside src/components.
+vi.mock('./RecipeSuggester', () => ({
+  RecipeSuggester: () => <div data-testid="recipe-suggester-mock">Recipe Suggester</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./FlyerCountDisplay', () => ({
+  FlyerCountDisplay: () => <div data-testid="flyer-count-display-mock">Flyer Count Display</div>,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./Leaderboard', () => ({
+  Leaderboard: () => <div data-testid="leaderboard-mock">Leaderboard</div>,
+}));
+
+describe('Dashboard Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('renders the dashboard title', () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying dashboard title render');
+    renderWithProviders(<Dashboard />);
+    expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /dashboard/i, level: 1 })).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('renders the RecipeSuggester widget', () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying RecipeSuggester presence');
+    renderWithProviders(<Dashboard />);
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('recipe-suggester-mock')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('renders the FlyerCountDisplay widget within the "Your Flyers" section', () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying FlyerCountDisplay presence and section title');
+    renderWithProviders(<Dashboard />);
+
+    // Check for the section heading
+    expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /your flyers/i, level: 2 })).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    // Check for the component
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('flyer-count-display-mock')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('renders the Leaderboard widget in the sidebar area', () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying Leaderboard presence');
+    renderWithProviders(<Dashboard />);
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('leaderboard-mock')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('renders with the correct grid layout classes', () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying layout classes');
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<Dashboard />);
+
+    // The main grid container
+    const gridContainer = container.querySelector('.grid');
+    expect(gridContainer).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(gridContainer).toHaveClass('grid-cols-1');
+    expect(gridContainer).toHaveClass('lg:grid-cols-3');
+    expect(gridContainer).toHaveClass('gap-6');
+  });
+});

src/components/Dashboard.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import React from 'react';
+import { RecipeSuggester } from '../components/RecipeSuggester';
+import { FlyerCountDisplay } from '../components/FlyerCountDisplay';
+import { Leaderboard } from '../components/Leaderboard';
+
+export const Dashboard: React.FC = () => {
+  return (
+    <div className="max-w-7xl mx-auto px-4 sm:px-6 lg:px-8 py-8">
+      <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900 dark:text-white mb-6">Dashboard</h1>
+      
+      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-6">
+        {/* Main Content Area */}
+        <div className="lg:col-span-2 space-y-6">
+          {/* Recipe Suggester Section */}
+          <RecipeSuggester />
+
+          {/* Other Dashboard Widgets */}
+          <div className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-800 shadow rounded-lg p-6">
+            <h2 className="text-lg font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white mb-4">Your Flyers</h2>
+            <FlyerCountDisplay />
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        {/* Sidebar Area */}
+        <div className="space-y-6">
+          <Leaderboard />
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+export default Dashboard;

src/components/ErrorDisplay.test.tsx

@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 // src/components/ErrorDisplay.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { ErrorDisplay } from './ErrorDisplay';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('ErrorDisplay (in components)', () => {
   it('should not render when the message is empty', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<ErrorDisplay message="" />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<ErrorDisplay message="" />);
     expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it('should not render when the message is null', () => {
     // The component expects a string, but we test for nullish values as a safeguard.
-    const { container } = render(<ErrorDisplay message={null as unknown as string} />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<ErrorDisplay message={null as unknown as string} />);
     expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it('should render the error message when provided', () => {
     const errorMessage = 'Something went terribly wrong.';
-    render(<ErrorDisplay message={errorMessage} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<ErrorDisplay message={errorMessage} />);
 
     const alert = screen.getByRole('alert');
     expect(alert).toBeInTheDocument();

src/components/FlyerCorrectionTool.test.tsx

@@ -1,24 +1,18 @@
 // src/components/FlyerCorrectionTool.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor, act } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent, waitFor, act } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mocked } from 'vitest';
 import { FlyerCorrectionTool } from './FlyerCorrectionTool';
 import * as aiApiClient from '../services/aiApiClient';
 import { notifyError, notifySuccess } from '../services/notificationService';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Unmock the component to test the real implementation
 vi.unmock('./FlyerCorrectionTool');
 
-// Mock dependencies
-vi.mock('../services/aiApiClient');
-vi.mock('../services/notificationService');
-vi.mock('../services/logger', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-
-const mockedAiApiClient = aiApiClient as Mocked<typeof aiApiClient>;
+// The aiApiClient, notificationService, and logger are mocked globally.
+// We can get a typed reference to the aiApiClient for individual test overrides.
+const mockedAiApiClient = vi.mocked(aiApiClient);
 const mockedNotifySuccess = notifySuccess as Mocked<typeof notifySuccess>;
 const mockedNotifyError = notifyError as Mocked<typeof notifyError>;
 
@@ -54,12 +48,12 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
   });
 
   it('should not render when isOpen is false', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} isOpen={false} />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} isOpen={false} />);
     expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it('should render correctly when isOpen is true', () => {
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
     expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /flyer correction tool/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByAltText('Flyer for correction')).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /extract store name/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -67,7 +61,7 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onClose when the close button is clicked', () => {
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
     // Use the specific aria-label defined in the component to find the close button
     const closeButton = screen.getByLabelText(/close correction tool/i);
     fireEvent.click(closeButton);
@@ -75,13 +69,13 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
   });
 
   it('should have disabled extraction buttons initially', () => {
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
     expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /extract store name/i })).toBeDisabled();
     expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /extract sale dates/i })).toBeDisabled();
   });
 
   it('should enable extraction buttons after a selection is made', () => {
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
     const canvas = screen.getByRole('dialog').querySelector('canvas')!;
 
     // Simulate drawing a rectangle
@@ -94,7 +88,7 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
   });
 
   it('should stop drawing when the mouse leaves the canvas', () => {
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
     const canvas = screen.getByRole('dialog').querySelector('canvas')!;
 
     fireEvent.mouseDown(canvas, { clientX: 10, clientY: 10 });
@@ -114,7 +108,7 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
     });
     mockedAiApiClient.rescanImageArea.mockReturnValue(rescanPromise);
 
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
 
     // Wait for the image fetch to complete to ensure 'imageFile' state is populated
     console.log('--- [TEST LOG] ---: Awaiting image fetch inside component...');
@@ -192,7 +186,7 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
     // Mock fetch to reject
     global.fetch = vi.fn(() => Promise.reject(new Error('Network error'))) as Mocked<typeof fetch>;
 
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(mockedNotifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Could not load the image for correction.');
@@ -211,7 +205,7 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
       return new Promise(() => {});
     }) as Mocked<typeof fetch>;
 
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
 
     const canvas = screen.getByRole('dialog').querySelector('canvas')!;
 
@@ -238,7 +232,7 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
   it('should handle non-standard API errors during rescan', async () => {
     console.log('TEST: Starting "should handle non-standard API errors during rescan"');
     mockedAiApiClient.rescanImageArea.mockRejectedValue('A plain string error');
-    render(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
 
     // Wait for image fetch to ensure imageFile is set before we interact
     await waitFor(() => expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalled());
@@ -258,4 +252,54 @@ describe('FlyerCorrectionTool', () => {
       expect(mockedNotifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('An unknown error occurred.');
     });
   });
+
+  it('should handle API failure response (ok: false) correctly', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Starting "should handle API failure response (ok: false) correctly"');
+    mockedAiApiClient.rescanImageArea.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: false,
+      json: async () => ({ message: 'Custom API Error' }),
+    } as Response);
+
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+
+    // Wait for image fetch
+    await waitFor(() => expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalled());
+
+    // Draw selection
+    const canvas = screen.getByRole('dialog').querySelector('canvas')!;
+    fireEvent.mouseDown(canvas, { clientX: 10, clientY: 10 });
+    fireEvent.mouseMove(canvas, { clientX: 50, clientY: 50 });
+    fireEvent.mouseUp(canvas);
+
+    // Click extract
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /extract store name/i }));
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(mockedNotifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Custom API Error');
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should redraw the canvas when the image loads', () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Starting "should redraw the canvas when the image loads"');
+    const clearRectSpy = vi.fn();
+    // Override the getContext mock for this test to capture the spy
+    window.HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.getContext = vi.fn(() => ({
+      clearRect: clearRectSpy,
+      strokeRect: vi.fn(),
+      setLineDash: vi.fn(),
+      strokeStyle: '',
+      lineWidth: 0,
+    })) as any;
+
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCorrectionTool {...defaultProps} />);
+    const image = screen.getByAltText('Flyer for correction');
+
+    // The draw function is called on mount via useEffect, so we clear that call.
+    clearRectSpy.mockClear();
+
+    // Simulate image load event which triggers onLoad={draw}
+    fireEvent.load(image);
+
+    expect(clearRectSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });

src/components/FlyerCountDisplay.test.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // src/components/FlyerCountDisplay.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { FlyerCountDisplay } from './FlyerCountDisplay';
 import { useFlyers } from '../hooks/useFlyers';
 import type { Flyer } from '../types';
 import { createMockFlyer } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Mock the dependencies
 vi.mock('../hooks/useFlyers');
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ describe('FlyerCountDisplay', () => {
     });
 
     // Act: Render the component.
-    render(<FlyerCountDisplay />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCountDisplay />);
 
     // Assert: Check that the loading spinner is visible.
     expect(screen.getByTestId('loading-spinner')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ describe('FlyerCountDisplay', () => {
     });
 
     // Act
-    render(<FlyerCountDisplay />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCountDisplay />);
 
     // Assert: Check that the error message is displayed.
     expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).toHaveTextContent(errorMessage);
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ describe('FlyerCountDisplay', () => {
     });
 
     // Act
-    render(<FlyerCountDisplay />);
+    renderWithProviders(<FlyerCountDisplay />);
 
     // Assert: Check that the correct count is displayed.
     const countDisplay = screen.getByTestId('flyer-count');

src/components/Footer.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/components/Footer.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import { Footer } from './Footer';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('Footer', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ describe('Footer', () => {
     vi.setSystemTime(mockDate);
 
     // Act: Render the component
-    render(<Footer />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Footer />);
 
     // Assert: Check that the rendered text includes the mocked year
     expect(screen.getByText('Copyright 2025-2025')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ describe('Footer', () => {
 
   it('should display the correct year when it changes', () => {
     vi.setSystemTime(new Date('2030-01-01T00:00:00Z'));
-    render(<Footer />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Footer />);
     expect(screen.getByText('Copyright 2025-2030')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 });

src/components/Header.test.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 // src/components/Header.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
-import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
 import { Header } from './Header';
 import type { UserProfile } from '../types';
 import { createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Unmock the component to test the real implementation
 vi.unmock('./Header');
@@ -34,12 +34,8 @@ const defaultProps = {
 };
 
 // Helper to render with router context
-const renderWithRouter = (props: Partial<React.ComponentProps<typeof Header>>) => {
-  return render(
-    <MemoryRouter>
-      <Header {...defaultProps} {...props} />
-    </MemoryRouter>,
-  );
+const renderHeader = (props: Partial<React.ComponentProps<typeof Header>>) => {
+  return renderWithProviders(<Header {...defaultProps} {...props} />);
 };
 
 describe('Header', () => {
@@ -48,30 +44,30 @@ describe('Header', () => {
   });
 
   it('should render the application title', () => {
-    renderWithRouter({});
+    renderHeader({});
     expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /flyer crawler/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should display unit system and theme mode', () => {
-    renderWithRouter({ isDarkMode: true, unitSystem: 'metric' });
+    renderHeader({ isDarkMode: true, unitSystem: 'metric' });
     expect(screen.getByText(/metric/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByText(/dark mode/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   describe('When user is logged out', () => {
     it('should show a Login button', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: null, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: null, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
       expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /login/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
     });
 
     it('should call onOpenProfile when Login button is clicked', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: null, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: null, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /login/i }));
       expect(mockOnOpenProfile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
 
     it('should not show user-specific buttons', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: null, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: null, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
       expect(screen.queryByLabelText(/open voice assistant/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
       expect(screen.queryByLabelText(/open my account settings/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
       expect(screen.queryByRole('button', { name: /logout/i })).not.toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -80,29 +76,29 @@ describe('Header', () => {
 
   describe('When user is authenticated', () => {
     it('should display the user email', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
       expect(screen.getByText(mockUserProfile.user.email)).toBeInTheDocument();
     });
 
     it('should display "Guest" for anonymous users', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'SIGNED_OUT' });
       expect(screen.getByText(/guest/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
     });
 
     it('should call onOpenVoiceAssistant when microphone icon is clicked', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText(/open voice assistant/i));
       expect(mockOnOpenVoiceAssistant).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
 
     it('should call onOpenProfile when cog icon is clicked', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByLabelText(/open my account settings/i));
       expect(mockOnOpenProfile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
 
     it('should call onSignOut when Logout button is clicked', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /logout/i }));
       expect(mockOnSignOut).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
@@ -110,14 +106,14 @@ describe('Header', () => {
 
   describe('Admin user', () => {
     it('should show the Admin Area link for admin users', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: mockAdminProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: mockAdminProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
       const adminLink = screen.getByTitle(/admin area/i);
       expect(adminLink).toBeInTheDocument();
       expect(adminLink.closest('a')).toHaveAttribute('href', '/admin');
     });
 
     it('should not show the Admin Area link for non-admin users', () => {
-      renderWithRouter({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
+      renderHeader({ userProfile: mockUserProfile, authStatus: 'AUTHENTICATED' });
       expect(screen.queryByTitle(/admin area/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
     });
   });

src/components/Leaderboard.test.tsx

@@ -1,21 +1,17 @@
 // src/components/Leaderboard.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mocked } from 'vitest';
 import Leaderboard from './Leaderboard';
 import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
 import { LeaderboardUser } from '../types';
 import { createMockLeaderboardUser } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 import { createMockLogger } from '../tests/utils/mockLogger';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
-// Mock the apiClient
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient'); // This was correct
-const mockedApiClient = apiClient as Mocked<typeof apiClient>;
-
-// Mock the logger
-vi.mock('../services/logger', () => ({
-  logger: createMockLogger(),
-}));
+// The apiClient and logger are mocked globally.
+// We can get a typed reference to the apiClient for individual test overrides.
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
 // Mock lucide-react icons to prevent rendering errors in the test environment
 vi.mock('lucide-react', () => ({
@@ -45,13 +41,13 @@ describe('Leaderboard', () => {
   it('should display a loading message initially', () => {
     // Mock a pending promise that never resolves to keep it in the loading state
     mockedApiClient.fetchLeaderboard.mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {}));
-    render(<Leaderboard />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Leaderboard />);
     expect(screen.getByText('Loading Leaderboard...')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should display an error message if the API call fails', async () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchLeaderboard.mockResolvedValue(new Response(null, { status: 500 }));
-    render(<Leaderboard />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Leaderboard />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -62,7 +58,7 @@ describe('Leaderboard', () => {
   it('should display a generic error for unknown error types', async () => {
     const unknownError = 'A string error';
     mockedApiClient.fetchLeaderboard.mockRejectedValue(unknownError);
-    render(<Leaderboard />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Leaderboard />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByRole('alert')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -72,7 +68,7 @@ describe('Leaderboard', () => {
 
   it('should display a message when the leaderboard is empty', async () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchLeaderboard.mockResolvedValue(new Response(JSON.stringify([])));
-    render(<Leaderboard />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Leaderboard />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(
@@ -85,7 +81,7 @@ describe('Leaderboard', () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchLeaderboard.mockResolvedValue(
       new Response(JSON.stringify(mockLeaderboardData)),
     );
-    render(<Leaderboard />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Leaderboard />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Top Users' })).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -110,7 +106,7 @@ describe('Leaderboard', () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchLeaderboard.mockResolvedValue(
       new Response(JSON.stringify(mockLeaderboardData)),
     );
-    render(<Leaderboard />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Leaderboard />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       // Rank 1, 2, and 3 should have a crown icon
@@ -129,7 +125,7 @@ describe('Leaderboard', () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchLeaderboard.mockResolvedValue(
       new Response(JSON.stringify(dataWithMissingNames)),
     );
-    render(<Leaderboard />);
+    renderWithProviders(<Leaderboard />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       // Check for fallback name

src/components/LoadingSpinner.test.tsx

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 // src/components/LoadingSpinner.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { LoadingSpinner } from './LoadingSpinner';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('LoadingSpinner (in components)', () => {
   it('should render the SVG with animation classes', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<LoadingSpinner />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<LoadingSpinner />);
     const svgElement = container.querySelector('svg');
     expect(svgElement).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(svgElement).toHaveClass('animate-spin');
   });
 
   it('should contain the correct SVG paths for the spinner graphic', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<LoadingSpinner />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<LoadingSpinner />);
     const circle = container.querySelector('circle');
     const path = container.querySelector('path');
     expect(circle).toBeInTheDocument();

src/components/MapView.test.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 // src/components/MapView.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { MapView } from './MapView';
 import config from '../config';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Create a type-safe mocked version of the config for easier manipulation
 const mockedConfig = vi.mocked(config);
@@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ describe('MapView', () => {
 
   describe('when API key is not configured', () => {
     it('should render a disabled message', () => {
-      render(<MapView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<MapView {...defaultProps} />);
       expect(
         screen.getByText('Map view is disabled: API key is not configured.'),
       ).toBeInTheDocument();
     });
 
     it('should not render the iframe', () => {
-      render(<MapView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<MapView {...defaultProps} />);
       // Use queryByTitle because iframes don't have a default "iframe" role
       expect(screen.queryByTitle('Map view')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
     });
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ describe('MapView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should render the iframe with the correct src URL', () => {
-      render(<MapView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<MapView {...defaultProps} />);
 
       // Use getByTitle to access the iframe
       const iframe = screen.getByTitle('Map view');

src/components/PasswordInput.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/components/PasswordInput.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
 import { PasswordInput } from './PasswordInput';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 // Mock the child PasswordStrengthIndicator component to isolate the test (relative to new location)
 vi.mock('./PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => ({
   PasswordStrengthIndicator: ({ password }: { password?: string }) => (
@@ -12,13 +13,13 @@ vi.mock('./PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => ({
 
 describe('PasswordInput (in auth feature)', () => {
   it('should render as a password input by default', () => {
-    render(<PasswordInput placeholder="Enter password" />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput placeholder="Enter password" />);
     const input = screen.getByPlaceholderText('Enter password');
     expect(input).toHaveAttribute('type', 'password');
   });
 
   it('should toggle input type between password and text when the eye icon is clicked', () => {
-    render(<PasswordInput placeholder="Enter password" />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput placeholder="Enter password" />);
     const input = screen.getByPlaceholderText('Enter password');
     const toggleButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /show password/i });
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ describe('PasswordInput (in auth feature)', () => {
 
   it('should pass through standard input attributes', () => {
     const handleChange = vi.fn();
-    render(
+    renderWithProviders(
       <PasswordInput
         value="test"
         onChange={handleChange}
@@ -56,38 +57,38 @@ describe('PasswordInput (in auth feature)', () => {
   });
 
   it('should not show strength indicator by default', () => {
-    render(<PasswordInput value="some-password" onChange={() => {}} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput value="some-password" onChange={() => {}} />);
     expect(screen.queryByTestId('strength-indicator')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should show strength indicator when showStrength is true and there is a value', () => {
-    render(<PasswordInput value="some-password" showStrength onChange={() => {}} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput value="some-password" showStrength onChange={() => {}} />);
     const indicator = screen.getByTestId('strength-indicator');
     expect(indicator).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(indicator).toHaveTextContent('Strength for: some-password');
   });
 
   it('should not show strength indicator when showStrength is true but value is empty', () => {
-    render(<PasswordInput value="" showStrength onChange={() => {}} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput value="" showStrength onChange={() => {}} />);
     expect(screen.queryByTestId('strength-indicator')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should handle undefined className gracefully', () => {
-    render(<PasswordInput placeholder="No class" />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput placeholder="No class" />);
     const input = screen.getByPlaceholderText('No class');
     expect(input.className).not.toContain('undefined');
     expect(input.className).toContain('block w-full');
   });
 
   it('should not show strength indicator if value is undefined', () => {
-    render(<PasswordInput showStrength onChange={() => {}} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput showStrength onChange={() => {}} />);
     expect(screen.queryByTestId('strength-indicator')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should not show strength indicator if value is not a string', () => {
     // Force a non-string value to test the typeof check
     const props = { value: 12345, showStrength: true, onChange: () => {} } as any;
-    render(<PasswordInput {...props} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordInput {...props} />);
     expect(screen.queryByTestId('strength-indicator')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 });

src/components/PasswordStrengthIndicator.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/pages/admin/components/PasswordStrengthIndicator.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, type Mock } from 'vitest';
 import { PasswordStrengthIndicator } from './PasswordStrengthIndicator';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 import zxcvbn from 'zxcvbn';
 
 // Mock the zxcvbn library to control its output for testing
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ vi.mock('zxcvbn');
 describe('PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => {
   it('should render 5 gray bars when no password is provided', () => {
     (zxcvbn as Mock).mockReturnValue({ score: -1, feedback: { warning: '', suggestions: [] } });
-    const { container } = render(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="" />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="" />);
     const bars = container.querySelectorAll('.h-1\\.5');
     expect(bars).toHaveLength(5);
     bars.forEach((bar) => {
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ describe('PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => {
     { score: 4, label: 'Strong', color: 'bg-green-500', bars: 5 },
   ])('should render correctly for score $score ($label)', ({ score, label, color, bars }) => {
     (zxcvbn as Mock).mockReturnValue({ score, feedback: { warning: '', suggestions: [] } });
-    const { container } = render(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="some-password" />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="some-password" />);
 
     // Check the label
     expect(screen.getByText(label)).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ describe('PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => {
         suggestions: [],
       },
     });
-    render(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="password" />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="password" />);
     expect(screen.getByText(/this is a very common password/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ describe('PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => {
         suggestions: ['Add another word or two'],
       },
     });
-    render(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="pass" />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="pass" />);
     expect(screen.getByText(/add another word or two/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
@@ -75,14 +76,14 @@ describe('PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => {
       score: 1,
       feedback: { warning: 'A warning here', suggestions: ['A suggestion here'] },
     });
-    render(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="password" />);
+    renderWithProviders(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="password" />);
     expect(screen.getByText(/a warning here/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.queryByText(/a suggestion here/i)).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should use default empty string if password prop is undefined', () => {
     (zxcvbn as Mock).mockReturnValue({ score: 0, feedback: { warning: '', suggestions: [] } });
-    const { container } = render(<PasswordStrengthIndicator />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<PasswordStrengthIndicator />);
     const bars = container.querySelectorAll('.h-1\\.5');
     expect(bars).toHaveLength(5);
     bars.forEach((bar) => {
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ describe('PasswordStrengthIndicator', () => {
   it('should handle out-of-range scores gracefully (defensive)', () => {
     // Mock a score that isn't 0-4 to hit default switch cases
     (zxcvbn as Mock).mockReturnValue({ score: 99, feedback: { warning: '', suggestions: [] } });
-    const { container } = render(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="test" />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<PasswordStrengthIndicator password="test" />);
 
     // Check bars - should hit default case in getBarColor which returns gray
     const bars = container.querySelectorAll('.h-1\\.5');

src/components/RecipeSuggester.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// src/components/RecipeSuggester.test.tsx
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
+import { RecipeSuggester } from './RecipeSuggester'; // This should be after mocks
+import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
+import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
+import '@testing-library/jest-dom';
+
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
+// We can get a typed reference to it for individual test overrides.
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
+
+describe('RecipeSuggester Component', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    // Reset console logs if needed, or just keep them for debug visibility
+  });
+
+  it('renders correctly with initial state', () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying initial render state');
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('Get a Recipe Suggestion')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByLabelText(/Ingredients:/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.queryByText('Getting suggestion...')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('shows validation error if no ingredients are entered', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying validation for empty input');
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i });
+    await user.click(button);
+
+    expect(await screen.findByText('Please enter at least one ingredient.')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    console.log('TEST: Validation error displayed correctly');
+  });
+
+  it('calls suggestRecipe and displays suggestion on success', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying successful recipe suggestion flow');
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    const input = screen.getByLabelText(/Ingredients:/i);
+    await user.type(input, 'chicken, rice');
+
+    // Mock successful API response
+    const mockSuggestion = 'Here is a nice Chicken and Rice recipe...';
+    // Add a delay to ensure the loading state is visible during the test
+    mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe.mockImplementation(async () => {
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
+      return { ok: true, json: async () => ({ suggestion: mockSuggestion }) } as Response;
+    });
+
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i });
+    await user.click(button);
+
+    // Check loading state
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toBeDisabled();
+    expect(screen.getByText('Getting suggestion...')).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(mockSuggestion)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe).toHaveBeenCalledWith(['chicken', 'rice']);
+    console.log('TEST: Suggestion displayed and API called with correct args');
+  });
+
+  it('handles API errors (non-200 response) gracefully', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying API error handling (400/500 responses)');
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    const input = screen.getByLabelText(/Ingredients:/i);
+    await user.type(input, 'rocks');
+
+    // Mock API failure response
+    const errorMessage = 'Invalid ingredients provided.';
+    mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: false,
+      json: async () => ({ message: errorMessage }),
+    } as Response);
+
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i });
+    await user.click(button);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText(errorMessage)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    // Ensure loading state is reset
+    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i })).toBeEnabled();
+    console.log('TEST: API error message displayed to user');
+  });
+
+  it('handles network exceptions and logs them', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying network exception handling');
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    const input = screen.getByLabelText(/Ingredients:/i);
+    await user.type(input, 'beef');
+
+    // Mock network error
+    const networkError = new Error('Network Error');
+    mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe.mockRejectedValue(networkError);
+
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i });
+    await user.click(button);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('Network Error')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    expect(logger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { error: networkError },
+      'Failed to fetch recipe suggestion.'
+    );
+    console.log('TEST: Network error caught and logged');
+  });
+
+  it('clears previous errors when submitting again', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying error clearing on re-submit');
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    // Trigger validation error first
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i });
+    await user.click(button);
+    expect(screen.getByText('Please enter at least one ingredient.')).toBeInTheDocument();
+
+    // Now type something to clear it (state change doesn't clear it, submit does)
+    const input = screen.getByLabelText(/Ingredients:/i);
+    await user.type(input, 'tofu');
+
+    // Mock success for the second click
+    mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: true,
+      json: async () => ({ suggestion: 'Tofu Stir Fry' }),
+    } as Response);
+
+    await user.click(button);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.queryByText('Please enter at least one ingredient.')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(screen.getByText('Tofu Stir Fry')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+    console.log('TEST: Previous error cleared successfully');
+  });
+
+  it('uses default error message when API error response has no message', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying default error message for API failure');
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    const input = screen.getByLabelText(/Ingredients:/i);
+    await user.type(input, 'mystery');
+
+    // Mock API failure response without a message property
+    mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe.mockResolvedValue({
+      ok: false,
+      json: async () => ({}), // Empty object
+    } as Response);
+
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i });
+    await user.click(button);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('Failed to get suggestion.')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('handles non-Error objects thrown during fetch', async () => {
+    console.log('TEST: Verifying handling of non-Error exceptions');
+    const user = userEvent.setup();
+    renderWithProviders(<RecipeSuggester />);
+
+    const input = screen.getByLabelText(/Ingredients:/i);
+    await user.type(input, 'chaos');
+
+    // Mock a rejection that is NOT an Error object
+    mockedApiClient.suggestRecipe.mockRejectedValue('Something weird happened');
+
+    const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /Suggest a Recipe/i });
+    await user.click(button);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByText('An unknown error occurred.')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    expect(logger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      { error: 'Something weird happened' },
+      'Failed to fetch recipe suggestion.'
+    );
+  });
+});

src/components/RecipeSuggester.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// src/components/RecipeSuggester.tsx
+import React, { useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { suggestRecipe } from '../services/apiClient';
+import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
+
+export const RecipeSuggester: React.FC = () => {
+  const [ingredients, setIngredients] = useState<string>('');
+  const [suggestion, setSuggestion] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState<boolean>(false);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  const handleSubmit = useCallback(async (event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    setIsLoading(true);
+    setError(null);
+    setSuggestion(null);
+
+    const ingredientList = ingredients.split(',').map(item => item.trim()).filter(Boolean);
+
+    if (ingredientList.length === 0) {
+      setError('Please enter at least one ingredient.');
+      setIsLoading(false);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const response = await suggestRecipe(ingredientList);
+      const data = await response.json();
+
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(data.message || 'Failed to get suggestion.');
+      }
+
+      setSuggestion(data.suggestion);
+    } catch (err) {
+      const errorMessage = err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'An unknown error occurred.';
+      logger.error({ error: err }, 'Failed to fetch recipe suggestion.');
+      setError(errorMessage);
+    } finally {
+      setIsLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [ingredients]);
+
+  return (
+    <div className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-800 shadow rounded-lg p-6">
+      <h2 className="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white mb-2">Get a Recipe Suggestion</h2>
+      <p className="text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 mb-4">Enter some ingredients you have, separated by commas.</p>
+      <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
+        <div className="mb-4">
+          <label htmlFor="ingredients-input" className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 mb-1">Ingredients:</label>
+          <input
+            id="ingredients-input"
+            type="text"
+            value={ingredients}
+            onChange={(e) => setIngredients(e.target.value)}
+            placeholder="e.g., chicken, rice, broccoli"
+            disabled={isLoading}
+            className="block w-full rounded-md border-gray-300 shadow-sm focus:border-blue-500 focus:ring-blue-500 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:border-gray-600 dark:text-white sm:text-sm p-2 border"
+          />
+        </div>
+        <button type="submit" disabled={isLoading} className="w-full flex justify-center py-2 px-4 border border-transparent rounded-md shadow-sm text-sm font-medium text-white bg-blue-600 hover:bg-blue-700 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-offset-2 focus:ring-blue-500 disabled:opacity-50 transition-colors">
+          {isLoading ? 'Getting suggestion...' : 'Suggest a Recipe'}
+        </button>
+      </form>
+
+      {error && (
+        <div className="mt-4 p-4 bg-red-50 dark:bg-red-900/50 text-red-700 dark:text-red-200 rounded-md text-sm">{error}</div>
+      )}
+
+      {suggestion && (
+        <div className="mt-6 bg-gray-50 dark:bg-gray-700/50 rounded-lg p-4 border border-gray-200 dark:border-gray-600">
+          <div className="prose dark:prose-invert max-w-none">
+            <h5 className="text-lg font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white mb-2">Recipe Suggestion</h5>
+            <p className="text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 whitespace-pre-wrap">{suggestion}</p>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+};

src/components/StatCard.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// src/components/StatCard.test.tsx
+import React from 'react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { StatCard } from './StatCard';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
+import '@testing-library/jest-dom';
+
+describe('StatCard', () => {
+  it('renders title and value correctly', () => {
+    renderWithProviders(
+      <StatCard
+        title="Total Users"
+        value="1,234"
+        icon={<div data-testid="mock-icon">Icon</div>}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByText('Total Users')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByText('1,234')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('renders the icon', () => {
+    renderWithProviders(
+      <StatCard
+        title="Total Users"
+        value="1,234"
+        icon={<div data-testid="mock-icon">Icon</div>}
+      />,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('mock-icon')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+});

src/components/StatCard.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// src/components/StatCard.tsx
+import React, { ReactNode } from 'react';
+
+interface StatCardProps {
+  title: string;
+  value: string;
+  icon: ReactNode;
+}
+
+export const StatCard: React.FC<StatCardProps> = ({ title, value, icon }) => {
+  return (
+    <div className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-800 overflow-hidden shadow rounded-lg">
+      <div className="p-5">
+        <div className="flex items-center">
+          <div className="flex-shrink-0">
+            <div className="flex items-center justify-center h-12 w-12 rounded-md bg-blue-500 text-white">
+              {icon}
+            </div>
+          </div>
+          <div className="ml-5 w-0 flex-1">
+            <dl>
+              <dt className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400 truncate">{title}</dt>
+              <dd>
+                <div className="text-lg font-medium text-gray-900 dark:text-white">{value}</div>
+              </dd>
+            </dl>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+};

src/components/UnitSystemToggle.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/components/UnitSystemToggle.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { UnitSystemToggle } from './UnitSystemToggle';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('UnitSystemToggle', () => {
   const mockOnToggle = vi.fn();
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ describe('UnitSystemToggle', () => {
   });
 
   it('should render correctly for imperial system', () => {
-    render(<UnitSystemToggle currentSystem="imperial" onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<UnitSystemToggle currentSystem="imperial" onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
 
     const checkbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox');
     expect(checkbox).toBeChecked();
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ describe('UnitSystemToggle', () => {
   });
 
   it('should render correctly for metric system', () => {
-    render(<UnitSystemToggle currentSystem="metric" onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<UnitSystemToggle currentSystem="metric" onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
 
     const checkbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox');
     expect(checkbox).not.toBeChecked();
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ describe('UnitSystemToggle', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onToggle when the toggle is clicked', () => {
-    render(<UnitSystemToggle currentSystem="metric" onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<UnitSystemToggle currentSystem="metric" onToggle={mockOnToggle} />);
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('checkbox'));
     expect(mockOnToggle).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });

src/components/UserMenuSkeleton.test.tsx

@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
 // src/components/UserMenuSkeleton.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { UserMenuSkeleton } from './UserMenuSkeleton';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('UserMenuSkeleton', () => {
   it('should render without crashing', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
     expect(container.firstChild).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should have the main container with pulse animation', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
     expect(container.firstChild).toHaveClass('animate-pulse');
   });
 
   it('should render two child placeholder elements', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
     expect(container.firstChild?.childNodes.length).toBe(2);
   });
 
   it('should render a rectangular placeholder with correct styles', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
     expect(container.querySelector('.rounded-md')).toHaveClass(
       'h-8 w-24 bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700',
     );
   });
 
   it('should render a circular placeholder with correct styles', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<UserMenuSkeleton />);
     expect(container.querySelector('.rounded-full')).toHaveClass(
       'h-10 w-10 bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700',
     );

src/components/WhatsNewModal.test.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // src/components/WhatsNewModal.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { WhatsNewModal } from './WhatsNewModal';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Unmock the component to test the real implementation
 vi.unmock('./WhatsNewModal');
@@ -21,13 +22,13 @@ describe('WhatsNewModal', () => {
   });
 
   it('should not render when isOpen is false', () => {
-    const { container } = render(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} isOpen={false} />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} isOpen={false} />);
     // The component returns null, so the container should be empty.
     expect(container.firstChild).toBeNull();
   });
 
   it('should render correctly when isOpen is true', () => {
-    render(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
 
     expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /what's new/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByText(`Version: ${defaultProps.version}`)).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -36,13 +37,13 @@ describe('WhatsNewModal', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onClose when the "Got it!" button is clicked', () => {
-    render(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /got it/i }));
     expect(mockOnClose).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
 
   it('should call onClose when the close icon button is clicked', () => {
-    render(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
     // The close button is an SVG icon inside a button, best queried by its aria-label.
     const closeButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /close/i });
     fireEvent.click(closeButton);
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ describe('WhatsNewModal', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onClose when clicking on the overlay', () => {
-    render(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
     // The overlay is the root div with the background color.
     const overlay = screen.getByRole('dialog').parentElement;
     fireEvent.click(overlay!);
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ describe('WhatsNewModal', () => {
   });
 
   it('should not call onClose when clicking inside the modal content', () => {
-    render(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<WhatsNewModal {...defaultProps} />);
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByText(defaultProps.commitMessage));
     expect(mockOnClose).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });

src/config/rateLimiters.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// src/config/rateLimiters.ts
+import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit';
+import { shouldSkipRateLimit } from '../utils/rateLimit';
+
+const standardConfig = {
+  standardHeaders: true,
+  legacyHeaders: false,
+  skip: shouldSkipRateLimit,
+};
+
+// --- AUTHENTICATION ---
+export const loginLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 5,
+  message: 'Too many login attempts from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const registerLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 60 * 60 * 1000, // 1 hour
+  max: 5,
+  message: 'Too many accounts created from this IP, please try again after an hour.',
+});
+
+export const forgotPasswordLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 5,
+  message: 'Too many password reset requests from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const resetPasswordLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 10,
+  message: 'Too many password reset attempts from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const refreshTokenLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 20,
+  message: 'Too many token refresh attempts from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const logoutLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 10,
+  message: 'Too many logout attempts from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+// --- GENERAL PUBLIC & USER ---
+export const publicReadLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 100,
+  message: 'Too many requests from this IP, please try again later.',
+});
+
+export const userReadLimiter = publicReadLimiter; // Alias for consistency
+
+export const userUpdateLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 100,
+  message: 'Too many update requests from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const reactionToggleLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 150,
+  message: 'Too many reaction requests from this IP, please try again later.',
+});
+
+export const trackingLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 200,
+  message: 'Too many tracking requests from this IP, please try again later.',
+});
+
+// --- SENSITIVE / COSTLY ---
+export const userSensitiveUpdateLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 60 * 60 * 1000, // 1 hour
+  max: 5,
+  message: 'Too many sensitive requests from this IP, please try again after an hour.',
+});
+
+export const adminTriggerLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 30,
+  message: 'Too many administrative triggers from this IP, please try again later.',
+});
+
+export const aiGenerationLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 20,
+  message: 'Too many AI generation requests from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const suggestionLimiter = aiGenerationLimiter; // Alias
+
+export const geocodeLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 60 * 60 * 1000, // 1 hour
+  max: 100,
+  message: 'Too many geocoding requests from this IP, please try again later.',
+});
+
+export const priceHistoryLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 50,
+  message: 'Too many price history requests from this IP, please try again later.',
+});
+
+// --- UPLOADS / BATCH ---
+export const adminUploadLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 20,
+  message: 'Too many file uploads from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const userUploadLimiter = adminUploadLimiter; // Alias
+
+export const aiUploadLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 10,
+  message: 'Too many file uploads from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
+});
+
+export const batchLimiter = rateLimit({
+  ...standardConfig,
+  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
+  max: 50,
+  message: 'Too many batch requests from this IP, please try again later.',
+});
+
+export const budgetUpdateLimiter = batchLimiter; // Alias

src/db/seed.ts

@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ async function main() {
     validTo.setDate(today.getDate() + 5);
 
     const flyerQuery = `
-        INSERT INTO public.flyers (file_name, image_url, checksum, store_id, valid_from, valid_to)
-        VALUES ('safeway-flyer.jpg', '/sample-assets/safeway-flyer.jpg', 'sample-checksum-123', ${storeMap.get('Safeway')}, $1, $2)
+        INSERT INTO public.flyers (file_name, image_url, icon_url, checksum, store_id, valid_from, valid_to)
+        VALUES ('safeway-flyer.jpg', 'https://example.com/flyer-images/safeway-flyer.jpg', 'https://example.com/flyer-images/icons/safeway-flyer.jpg', 'a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0', ${storeMap.get('Safeway')}, $1, $2)
         RETURNING flyer_id;
     `;
     const flyerRes = await client.query<{ flyer_id: number }>(flyerQuery, [

src/features/charts/PriceChart.test.tsx

@@ -77,6 +77,18 @@ describe('PriceChart', () => {
     expect(screen.getByText(/no deals for your watched items/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
+  it('should render an error message when an error occurs', () => {
+    mockedUseActiveDeals.mockReturnValue({
+      ...mockedUseActiveDeals(),
+      activeDeals: [],
+      isLoading: false,
+      error: 'Failed to fetch deals.',
+    });
+
+    render(<PriceChart {...defaultProps} />);
+    expect(screen.getByText('Failed to fetch deals.')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
   it('should render the table with deal items when data is provided', () => {
     render(<PriceChart {...defaultProps} />);
 

src/features/charts/TopDeals.tsx

@@ -8,9 +8,13 @@ interface TopDealsProps {
 
 export const TopDeals: React.FC<TopDealsProps> = ({ items }) => {
   const topDeals = useMemo(() => {
+    // Use a type guard in the filter to inform TypeScript that price_in_cents is non-null
+    // in subsequent operations. This allows removing the redundant nullish coalescing in sort.
     return [...items]
-      .filter((item) => item.price_in_cents !== null) // Only include items with a parseable price
-      .sort((a, b) => (a.price_in_cents ?? Infinity) - (b.price_in_cents ?? Infinity))
+      .filter(
+        (item): item is FlyerItem & { price_in_cents: number } => item.price_in_cents !== null,
+      )
+      .sort((a, b) => a.price_in_cents - b.price_in_cents)
       .slice(0, 10);
   }, [items]);
 

src/features/flyer/FlyerDisplay.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 // src/features/flyer/FlyerDisplay.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { ScanIcon } from '../../components/icons/ScanIcon';
+import { formatDateRange } from '../../utils/dateUtils';
 import type { Store } from '../../types';
-import { formatDateRange } from './dateUtils';
+import { ScanIcon } from '../../components/icons/ScanIcon';
 
 export interface FlyerDisplayProps {
   imageUrl: string | null;

src/features/flyer/FlyerList.test.tsx

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import React from 'react';
 import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach, type Mocked } from 'vitest';
 import { FlyerList } from './FlyerList';
-import { formatShortDate } from './dateUtils';
+import { formatShortDate } from '../../utils/dateUtils';
 import type { Flyer, UserProfile } from '../../types';
 import { createMockUserProfile } from '../../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 import { createMockFlyer } from '../../tests/utils/mockFactories';

src/features/flyer/FlyerList.tsx

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { parseISO, format, isValid } from 'date-fns';
 import { MapPinIcon, Trash2Icon } from 'lucide-react';
 import { logger } from '../../services/logger.client';
 import * as apiClient from '../../services/apiClient';
-import { calculateDaysBetween, formatDateRange } from './dateUtils';
+import { calculateDaysBetween, formatDateRange, getCurrentDateISOString } from '../../utils/dateUtils';
 
 interface FlyerListProps {
   flyers: Flyer[];
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export const FlyerList: React.FC<FlyerListProps> = ({
               verbose: true,
             });
 
-            const daysLeft = calculateDaysBetween(format(new Date(), 'yyyy-MM-dd'), flyer.valid_to);
+            const daysLeft = calculateDaysBetween(getCurrentDateISOString(), flyer.valid_to);
             let daysLeftText = '';
             let daysLeftColor = '';
 

src/features/flyer/dateUtils.test.ts

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-// src/features/flyer/dateUtils.test.ts
-import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { formatShortDate, calculateDaysBetween, formatDateRange } from './dateUtils';
-
-describe('formatShortDate', () => {
-  it('should format a valid YYYY-MM-DD date string correctly', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate('2024-07-26')).toBe('Jul 26');
-  });
-
-  it('should handle single-digit days correctly', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate('2025-01-05')).toBe('Jan 5');
-  });
-
-  it('should handle dates at the end of the year', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate('2023-12-31')).toBe('Dec 31');
-  });
-
-  it('should return null for a null input', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate(null)).toBeNull();
-  });
-
-  it('should return null for an undefined input', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate(undefined)).toBeNull();
-  });
-
-  it('should return null for an empty string input', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate('')).toBeNull();
-  });
-
-  it('should return null for an invalid date string', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate('not-a-real-date')).toBeNull();
-  });
-
-  it('should return null for a malformed date string', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate('2024-13-01')).toBeNull(); // Invalid month
-  });
-
-  it('should correctly format a full ISO string with time and timezone', () => {
-    expect(formatShortDate('2024-12-25T10:00:00Z')).toBe('Dec 25');
-  });
-});
-
-describe('calculateDaysBetween', () => {
-  it('should calculate the difference in days between two valid date strings', () => {
-    expect(calculateDaysBetween('2023-01-01', '2023-01-05')).toBe(4);
-  });
-
-  it('should return a negative number if the end date is before the start date', () => {
-    expect(calculateDaysBetween('2023-01-05', '2023-01-01')).toBe(-4);
-  });
-
-  it('should handle Date objects', () => {
-    const start = new Date('2023-01-01');
-    const end = new Date('2023-01-10');
-    expect(calculateDaysBetween(start, end)).toBe(9);
-  });
-
-  it('should return null if either date is null or undefined', () => {
-    expect(calculateDaysBetween(null, '2023-01-01')).toBeNull();
-    expect(calculateDaysBetween('2023-01-01', undefined)).toBeNull();
-  });
-
-  it('should return null if either date is invalid', () => {
-    expect(calculateDaysBetween('invalid', '2023-01-01')).toBeNull();
-    expect(calculateDaysBetween('2023-01-01', 'invalid')).toBeNull();
-  });
-});
-
-describe('formatDateRange', () => {
-  it('should format a range with two different valid dates', () => {
-    expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', '2023-01-05')).toBe('Jan 1 - Jan 5');
-  });
-
-  it('should format a range with the same start and end date as a single date', () => {
-    expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', '2023-01-01')).toBe('Jan 1');
-  });
-
-  it('should return only the start date if end date is missing', () => {
-    expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', null)).toBe('Jan 1');
-    expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', undefined)).toBe('Jan 1');
-  });
-
-  it('should return only the end date if start date is missing', () => {
-    expect(formatDateRange(null, '2023-01-05')).toBe('Jan 5');
-    expect(formatDateRange(undefined, '2023-01-05')).toBe('Jan 5');
-  });
-
-  it('should return null if both dates are missing or invalid', () => {
-    expect(formatDateRange(null, null)).toBeNull();
-    expect(formatDateRange(undefined, undefined)).toBeNull();
-    expect(formatDateRange('invalid', 'invalid')).toBeNull();
-  });
-
-  it('should handle one valid and one invalid date by showing only the valid one', () => {
-    expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', 'invalid')).toBe('Jan 1');
-    expect(formatDateRange('invalid', '2023-01-05')).toBe('Jan 5');
-  });
-
-  describe('verbose mode', () => {
-    it('should format a range with two different valid dates verbosely', () => {
-      expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', '2023-01-05', { verbose: true })).toBe(
-        'Deals valid from January 1, 2023 to January 5, 2023',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should format a range with the same start and end date verbosely', () => {
-      expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', '2023-01-01', { verbose: true })).toBe(
-        'Valid on January 1, 2023',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should format only the start date verbosely', () => {
-      expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', null, { verbose: true })).toBe(
-        'Deals start January 1, 2023',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should format only the end date verbosely', () => {
-      expect(formatDateRange(null, '2023-01-05', { verbose: true })).toBe(
-        'Deals end January 5, 2023',
-      );
-    });
-
-    it('should handle one valid and one invalid date verbosely', () => {
-      expect(formatDateRange('2023-01-01', 'invalid', { verbose: true })).toBe(
-        'Deals start January 1, 2023',
-      );
-    });
-  });
-});

src/features/flyer/dateUtils.ts

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-// src/features/flyer/dateUtils.ts
-import { parseISO, format, isValid, differenceInDays } from 'date-fns';
-
-export const formatShortDate = (dateString: string | null | undefined): string | null => {
-  if (!dateString) return null;
-  // Using `parseISO` from date-fns is more reliable than `new Date()` for YYYY-MM-DD strings.
-  // It correctly interprets the string as a local date, avoiding timezone-related "off-by-one" errors.
-  const date = parseISO(dateString);
-  if (isValid(date)) {
-    return format(date, 'MMM d');
-  }
-  return null;
-};
-
-export const calculateDaysBetween = (
-  startDate: string | Date | null | undefined,
-  endDate: string | Date | null | undefined,
-): number | null => {
-  if (!startDate || !endDate) return null;
-
-  const start = typeof startDate === 'string' ? parseISO(startDate) : startDate;
-  const end = typeof endDate === 'string' ? parseISO(endDate) : endDate;
-
-  if (!isValid(start) || !isValid(end)) return null;
-
-  return differenceInDays(end, start);
-};
-
-interface DateRangeOptions {
-  verbose?: boolean;
-}
-
-export const formatDateRange = (
-  startDate: string | null | undefined,
-  endDate: string | null | undefined,
-  options?: DateRangeOptions,
-): string | null => {
-  if (!options?.verbose) {
-    const start = formatShortDate(startDate);
-    const end = formatShortDate(endDate);
-
-    if (start && end) {
-      return start === end ? start : `${start} - ${end}`;
-    }
-    return start || end || null;
-  }
-
-  // Verbose format logic
-  const dateFormat = 'MMMM d, yyyy';
-  const formatFn = (dateStr: string | null | undefined) => {
-    if (!dateStr) return null;
-    const date = parseISO(dateStr);
-    return isValid(date) ? format(date, dateFormat) : null;
-  };
-
-  const start = formatFn(startDate);
-  const end = formatFn(endDate);
-
-  if (start && end) {
-    return start === end ? `Valid on ${start}` : `Deals valid from ${start} to ${end}`;
-  }
-  if (start) return `Deals start ${start}`;
-  if (end) return `Deals end ${end}`;
-  return null;
-};

src/hooks/useActiveDeals.test.tsx

@@ -12,12 +12,7 @@ import {
 } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 import { mockUseFlyers, mockUseUserData } from '../tests/setup/mockHooks';
 
-// Explicitly mock apiClient to ensure stable spies are used
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient', () => ({
-  countFlyerItemsForFlyers: vi.fn(),
-  fetchFlyerItemsForFlyers: vi.fn(),
-}));
-
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
 // Mock the hooks to avoid Missing Context errors
 vi.mock('./useFlyers', () => ({
   useFlyers: () => mockUseFlyers(),
@@ -30,14 +25,6 @@ vi.mock('../hooks/useUserData', () => ({
 // The apiClient is globally mocked in our test setup, so we just need to cast it
 const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
-// Mock the logger to prevent console noise
-vi.mock('../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    error: vi.fn(),
-    info: vi.fn(), // Added to prevent crashes on abort logging
-  },
-}));
-
 // Set a consistent "today" for testing flyer validity to make tests deterministic
 const TODAY = new Date('2024-01-15T12:00:00.000Z');
 

src/hooks/useAuth.test.tsx

@@ -11,21 +11,9 @@ import { createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
 
 // Mock the dependencies
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient', () => ({
-  // Mock other functions if needed
-  getAuthenticatedUserProfile: vi.fn(),
-}));
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
 vi.mock('../services/tokenStorage');
 
-// Mock the logger to spy on its methods
-vi.mock('../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    info: vi.fn(),
-    warn: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-
 const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 const mockedTokenStorage = vi.mocked(tokenStorage);
 

src/hooks/useFlyerItems.test.ts

@@ -3,12 +3,11 @@ import { renderHook } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { useFlyerItems } from './useFlyerItems';
 import { useApiOnMount } from './useApiOnMount';
-import { createMockFlyer, createMockFlyerItem } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
+import { createMockFlyer, createMockFlyerItem } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 
 // Mock the underlying useApiOnMount hook to isolate the useFlyerItems hook's logic.
 vi.mock('./useApiOnMount');
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient');
 
 const mockedUseApiOnMount = vi.mocked(useApiOnMount);
 
@@ -16,8 +15,8 @@ describe('useFlyerItems Hook', () => {
   const mockFlyer = createMockFlyer({
     flyer_id: 123,
     file_name: 'test-flyer.jpg',
-    image_url: '/test.jpg',
-    icon_url: '/icon.jpg',
+    image_url: 'http://example.com/test.jpg',
+    icon_url: 'http://example.com/icon.jpg',
     checksum: 'abc',
     valid_from: '2024-01-01',
     valid_to: '2024-01-07',
@@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ describe('useFlyerItems Hook', () => {
     expect(result.current.flyerItems).toEqual([]);
     expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(false);
     expect(result.current.error).toBeNull();
-
     // Assert: Check that useApiOnMount was called with `enabled: false`.
     expect(mockedUseApiOnMount).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.any(Function), // the wrapped fetcher function
@@ -171,11 +169,11 @@ describe('useFlyerItems Hook', () => {
 
       const wrappedFetcher = mockedUseApiOnMount.mock.calls[0][0];
       const mockResponse = new Response();
-      vi.mocked(apiClient.fetchFlyerItems).mockResolvedValue(mockResponse);
-
+      const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
+      mockedApiClient.fetchFlyerItems.mockResolvedValue(mockResponse);
       const response = await wrappedFetcher(123);
 
-      expect(apiClient.fetchFlyerItems).toHaveBeenCalledWith(123);
+      expect(mockedApiClient.fetchFlyerItems).toHaveBeenCalledWith(123);
       expect(response).toBe(mockResponse);
     });
   });

src/hooks/useFlyers.test.tsx

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ describe('useFlyers Hook and FlyersProvider', () => {
       createMockFlyer({
         flyer_id: 1,
         file_name: 'flyer1.jpg',
-        image_url: 'url1',
+        image_url: 'http://example.com/flyer1.jpg',
         item_count: 5,
         created_at: '2024-01-01',
       }),

src/hooks/useShoppingLists.test.tsx

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ type MockApiResult = {
 vi.mock('./useApi');
 vi.mock('../hooks/useAuth');
 vi.mock('../hooks/useUserData');
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient');
 
 // The apiClient is globally mocked in our test setup, so we just need to cast it
 const mockedUseApi = vi.mocked(useApi);

src/hooks/useUserProfileData.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// src/hooks/useUserProfileData.ts
+import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
+import { UserProfile, Achievement, UserAchievement } from '../types';
+import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
+
+export const useUserProfileData = () => {
+  const [profile, setProfile] = useState<UserProfile | null>(null);
+  const [achievements, setAchievements] = useState<(UserAchievement & Achievement)[]>([]);
+  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const fetchData = async () => {
+      setIsLoading(true);
+      try {
+        const [profileRes, achievementsRes] = await Promise.all([
+          apiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile(),
+          apiClient.getUserAchievements(),
+        ]);
+
+        if (!profileRes.ok) throw new Error('Failed to fetch user profile.');
+        if (!achievementsRes.ok) throw new Error('Failed to fetch user achievements.');
+
+        const profileData: UserProfile | null = await profileRes.json();
+        const achievementsData: (UserAchievement & Achievement)[] | null =
+          await achievementsRes.json();
+
+        logger.info(
+          { profileData, achievementsCount: achievementsData?.length },
+          'useUserProfileData: Fetched data',
+        );
+
+        if (profileData) {
+          setProfile(profileData);
+        }
+        setAchievements(achievementsData || []);
+      } catch (err) {
+        const errorMessage = err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'An unknown error occurred.';
+        setError(errorMessage);
+        logger.error({ err }, 'Error in useUserProfileData:');
+      } finally {
+        setIsLoading(false);
+      }
+    };
+
+    fetchData();
+  }, []);
+
+  return { profile, setProfile, achievements, isLoading, error };
+};

src/hooks/useWatchedItems.test.tsx

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import {
 vi.mock('./useApi');
 vi.mock('../hooks/useAuth');
 vi.mock('../hooks/useUserData');
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient');
 
 // The apiClient is globally mocked in our test setup, so we just need to cast it
 const mockedUseApi = vi.mocked(useApi);

src/middleware/errorHandler.test.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 // src/middleware/errorHandler.test.ts
-import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterAll } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterAll, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import supertest from 'supertest';
 import express, { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
 import { errorHandler } from './errorHandler'; // This was a duplicate, fixed.
+import { DatabaseError } from '../services/processingErrors';
 import {
-  DatabaseError,
   ForeignKeyConstraintError,
   UniqueConstraintError,
   ValidationError,
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ app.get('/unique-error', (req, res, next) => {
 });
 
 app.get('/db-error-500', (req, res, next) => {
-  next(new DatabaseError('A database connection issue occurred.', 500));
+  next(new DatabaseError('A database connection issue occurred.'));
 });
 
 app.get('/unauthorized-error-no-status', (req, res, next) => {
@@ -98,12 +98,15 @@ describe('errorHandler Middleware', () => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
     consoleErrorSpy.mockClear(); // Clear spy for console.error
     // Ensure NODE_ENV is set to 'test' for console.error logging
-    process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+    vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'test');
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs(); // Clean up environment variable stubs after each test
   });
 
   afterAll(() => {
     consoleErrorSpy.mockRestore(); // Restore console.error after all tests
-    delete process.env.NODE_ENV; // Clean up environment variable
   });
 
   it('should return a generic 500 error for a standard Error object', async () => {
@@ -293,11 +296,7 @@ describe('errorHandler Middleware', () => {
 
   describe('when NODE_ENV is "production"', () => {
     beforeEach(() => {
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production';
-    });
-
-    afterAll(() => {
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test'; // Reset for other test files
+      vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'production');
     });
 
     it('should return a generic message with an error ID for a 500 error', async () => {

src/middleware/multer.middleware.test.ts

@@ -109,20 +109,19 @@ describe('Multer Middleware Directory Creation', () => {
 describe('createUploadMiddleware', () => {
   const mockFile = { originalname: 'test.png' } as Express.Multer.File;
   const mockUser = createMockUserProfile({ user: { user_id: 'user-123', email: 'test@user.com' } });
-  let originalNodeEnv: string | undefined;
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
-    originalNodeEnv = process.env.NODE_ENV;
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs();
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
-    process.env.NODE_ENV = originalNodeEnv;
+    vi.unstubAllEnvs();
   });
 
   describe('Avatar Storage', () => {
     it('should generate a unique filename for an authenticated user', () => {
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production';
+      vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'production');
       createUploadMiddleware({ storageType: 'avatar' });
       const storageOptions = vi.mocked(multer.diskStorage).mock.calls[0][0];
       const cb = vi.fn();
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ describe('createUploadMiddleware', () => {
     });
 
     it('should use a predictable filename in test environment', () => {
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+      vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'test');
       createUploadMiddleware({ storageType: 'avatar' });
       const storageOptions = vi.mocked(multer.diskStorage).mock.calls[0][0];
       const cb = vi.fn();
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ describe('createUploadMiddleware', () => {
 
   describe('Flyer Storage', () => {
     it('should generate a unique, sanitized filename in production environment', () => {
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production';
+      vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'production');
       const mockFlyerFile = {
         fieldname: 'flyerFile',
         originalname: 'My Flyer (Special!).pdf',
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ describe('createUploadMiddleware', () => {
 
     it('should generate a predictable filename in test environment', () => {
       // This test covers lines 43-46
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+      vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'test');
       const mockFlyerFile = {
         fieldname: 'flyerFile',
         originalname: 'test-flyer.jpg',

src/pages/MyDealsPage.test.tsx

@@ -1,25 +1,15 @@
-// src/components/MyDealsPage.test.tsx
+// src/pages/MyDealsPage.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
 import { render, screen, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mocked } from 'vitest';
 import MyDealsPage from './MyDealsPage';
 import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
-import { WatchedItemDeal } from '../types';
+import type { WatchedItemDeal } from '../types';
 import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
 import { createMockWatchedItemDeal } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 
-// Mock the apiClient. The component now directly uses `fetchBestSalePrices`.
-// By mocking the entire module, we can control the behavior of `fetchBestSalePrices`
-// for our tests.
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient');
-const mockedApiClient = apiClient as Mocked<typeof apiClient>;
-
-// Mock the logger
-vi.mock('../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
 // Mock lucide-react icons to prevent rendering errors in the test environment
 vi.mock('lucide-react', () => ({

src/pages/ResetPasswordPage.test.tsx

@@ -10,13 +10,7 @@ import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
 // The apiClient and logger are now mocked globally.
 const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
-vi.mock('../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    info: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-
+// The logger is mocked globally.
 // Helper function to render the component within a router context
 const renderWithRouter = (token: string) => {
   return render(
@@ -115,6 +109,33 @@ describe('ResetPasswordPage', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should show an error message if API returns a non-JSON error response', async () => {
+    // Simulate a server error returning HTML instead of JSON
+    mockedApiClient.resetPassword.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response('<h1>Server Error</h1>', {
+        status: 500,
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' },
+      }),
+    );
+    renderWithRouter('test-token');
+
+    fireEvent.change(screen.getByPlaceholderText('New Password'), {
+      target: { value: 'newSecurePassword123' },
+    });
+    fireEvent.change(screen.getByPlaceholderText('Confirm New Password'), {
+      target: { value: 'newSecurePassword123' },
+    });
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /reset password/i }));
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      // The error from response.json() is implementation-dependent.
+      // We check for a substring that is likely to be present.
+      expect(screen.getByText(/not valid JSON/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
+    expect(logger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ err: expect.any(SyntaxError) }, 'Failed to reset password.');
+  });
+
   it('should show a loading spinner while submitting', async () => {
     let resolvePromise: (value: Response) => void;
     const mockPromise = new Promise<Response>((resolve) => {

src/pages/UserProfilePage.test.tsx

@@ -11,16 +11,8 @@ import {
   createMockUser,
 } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 
-// Mock dependencies
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient'); // This was correct
-vi.mock('../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    info: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-vi.mock('../services/notificationService');
-vi.mock('../services/aiApiClient'); // Mock aiApiClient as it's used in the component
+// The apiClient, logger, notificationService, and aiApiClient are all mocked globally.
+// We can get a typed reference to the notificationService for individual test overrides.
 const mockedNotificationService = vi.mocked(await import('../services/notificationService'));
 vi.mock('../components/AchievementsList', () => ({
   AchievementsList: ({ achievements }: { achievements: (UserAchievement & Achievement)[] }) => (
@@ -28,7 +20,7 @@ vi.mock('../components/AchievementsList', () => ({
   ),
 }));
 
-const mockedApiClient = apiClient as Mocked<typeof apiClient>;
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
 // --- Mock Data ---
 const mockProfile: UserProfile = createMockUserProfile({
@@ -131,6 +123,24 @@ describe('UserProfilePage', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it('should handle null achievements data gracefully on fetch', async () => {
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(JSON.stringify(mockProfile)),
+    );
+    // Mock a successful response but with a null body for achievements
+    mockedApiClient.getUserAchievements.mockResolvedValue(new Response(JSON.stringify(null)));
+    render(<UserProfilePage />);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Test User' })).toBeInTheDocument();
+      // The mock achievements list should show 0 achievements because the component
+      // should handle the null response and pass an empty array to the list.
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('achievements-list-mock')).toHaveTextContent(
+        'Achievements Count: 0',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
   it('should render the profile and achievements on successful fetch', async () => {
     mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(
       new Response(JSON.stringify(mockProfile)),
@@ -302,6 +312,24 @@ describe('UserProfilePage', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should handle non-ok response with null body when saving name', async () => {
+      // This tests the case where the server returns an error status but an empty/null body.
+      mockedApiClient.updateUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(new Response(null, { status: 500 }));
+      render(<UserProfilePage />);
+      await screen.findByText('Test User');
+
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /edit/i }));
+      fireEvent.change(screen.getByRole('textbox'), { target: { value: 'New Name' } });
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /save/i }));
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        // The component should fall back to the default error message.
+        expect(mockedNotificationService.notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          'Failed to update name.',
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should handle unknown errors when saving name', async () => {
       mockedApiClient.updateUserProfile.mockRejectedValue('Unknown update error');
       render(<UserProfilePage />);
@@ -428,6 +456,22 @@ describe('UserProfilePage', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should handle non-ok response with null body when uploading avatar', async () => {
+      mockedApiClient.uploadAvatar.mockResolvedValue(new Response(null, { status: 500 }));
+      render(<UserProfilePage />);
+      await screen.findByAltText('User Avatar');
+
+      const fileInput = screen.getByTestId('avatar-file-input');
+      const file = new File(['(⌐□_□)'], 'chucknorris.png', { type: 'image/png' });
+      fireEvent.change(fileInput, { target: { files: [file] } });
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockedNotificationService.notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          'Failed to upload avatar.',
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should handle unknown errors when uploading avatar', async () => {
       mockedApiClient.uploadAvatar.mockRejectedValue('Unknown upload error');
       render(<UserProfilePage />);

src/pages/UserProfilePage.tsx

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
-import { UserProfile, Achievement, UserAchievement } from '../types';
+import type { UserProfile } from '../types';
 import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
 import { notifySuccess, notifyError } from '../services/notificationService';
 import { AchievementsList } from '../components/AchievementsList';
+import { useUserProfileData } from '../hooks/useUserProfileData';
 
 const UserProfilePage: React.FC = () => {
-  const [profile, setProfile] = useState<UserProfile | null>(null);
-  const [achievements, setAchievements] = useState<(UserAchievement & Achievement)[]>([]);
-  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(true);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const { profile, setProfile, achievements, isLoading, error } = useUserProfileData();
   const [isEditingName, setIsEditingName] = useState(false);
   const [editingName, setEditingName] = useState('');
   const [isUploading, setIsUploading] = useState(false);
@@ -17,43 +15,10 @@ const UserProfilePage: React.FC = () => {
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    const fetchData = async () => {
-      setIsLoading(true);
-      try {
-        // Fetch profile and achievements data in parallel
-        const [profileRes, achievementsRes] = await Promise.all([
-          apiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile(),
-          apiClient.getUserAchievements(),
-        ]);
-
-        if (!profileRes.ok) throw new Error('Failed to fetch user profile.');
-        if (!achievementsRes.ok) throw new Error('Failed to fetch user achievements.');
-
-        const profileData: UserProfile = await profileRes.json();
-        const achievementsData: (UserAchievement & Achievement)[] = await achievementsRes.json();
-
-        logger.info(
-          { profileData, achievementsCount: achievementsData?.length },
-          'UserProfilePage: Fetched data',
-        );
-
-        setProfile(profileData);
-
-        if (profileData) {
-          setEditingName(profileData.full_name || '');
-        }
-        setAchievements(achievementsData);
-      } catch (err) {
-        const errorMessage = err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'An unknown error occurred.';
-        setError(errorMessage);
-        logger.error({ err }, 'Error fetching user profile data:');
-      } finally {
-        setIsLoading(false);
-      }
-    };
-
-    fetchData();
-  }, []); // Empty dependency array means this runs once on component mount
+    if (profile) {
+      setEditingName(profile.full_name || '');
+    }
+  }, [profile]);
 
   const handleSaveName = async () => {
     if (!profile) return;
@@ -61,8 +26,8 @@ const UserProfilePage: React.FC = () => {
     try {
       const response = await apiClient.updateUserProfile({ full_name: editingName });
       if (!response.ok) {
-        const errorData = await response.json();
-        throw new Error(errorData.message || 'Failed to update name.');
+        const errorData = await response.json().catch(() => null); // Gracefully handle non-JSON responses
+        throw new Error(errorData?.message || 'Failed to update name.');
       }
       const updatedProfile = await response.json();
       setProfile((prevProfile) => (prevProfile ? { ...prevProfile, ...updatedProfile } : null));
@@ -88,8 +53,8 @@ const UserProfilePage: React.FC = () => {
     try {
       const response = await apiClient.uploadAvatar(file);
       if (!response.ok) {
-        const errorData = await response.json();
-        throw new Error(errorData.message || 'Failed to upload avatar.');
+        const errorData = await response.json().catch(() => null); // Gracefully handle non-JSON responses
+        throw new Error(errorData?.message || 'Failed to upload avatar.');
       }
       const updatedProfile = await response.json();
       setProfile((prevProfile) => (prevProfile ? { ...prevProfile, ...updatedProfile } : null));

src/pages/VoiceLabPage.test.tsx

@@ -10,21 +10,10 @@ import { logger } from '../services/logger.client';
 // Extensive logging for debugging
 const LOG_PREFIX = '[TEST DEBUG]';
 
-vi.mock('../services/notificationService');
-
-// 1. Mock the module to replace its exports with mock functions.
-vi.mock('../services/aiApiClient');
-// 2. Get a typed reference to the mocked module to control its functions in tests.
+// The aiApiClient, notificationService, and logger are mocked globally.
+// We can get a typed reference to the aiApiClient for individual test overrides.
 const mockedAiApiClient = vi.mocked(aiApiClient);
 
-// Mock the logger
-vi.mock('../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    info: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-
 // Define mock at module level so it can be referenced in the implementation
 const mockAudioPlay = vi.fn(() => {
   console.log(`${LOG_PREFIX} mockAudioPlay executed`);

src/pages/admin/AdminStatsPage.test.tsx

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ import { AdminStatsPage } from './AdminStatsPage';
 import * as apiClient from '../../services/apiClient';
 import type { AppStats } from '../../services/apiClient';
 import { createMockAppStats } from '../../tests/utils/mockFactories';
-import { StatCard } from './components/StatCard';
+import { StatCard } from '../../components/StatCard';
 
 // The apiClient and logger are now mocked globally via src/tests/setup/tests-setup-unit.ts.
 const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
 // Mock the child StatCard component to use the shared mock and allow spying
-vi.mock('./components/StatCard', async () => {
+vi.mock('../../components/StatCard', async () => {
   const { MockStatCard } = await import('../../tests/utils/componentMocks');
   return { StatCard: vi.fn(MockStatCard) };
 });

src/pages/admin/AdminStatsPage.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import { DocumentDuplicateIcon } from '../../components/icons/DocumentDuplicateI
 import { BuildingStorefrontIcon } from '../../components/icons/BuildingStorefrontIcon';
 import { BellAlertIcon } from '../../components/icons/BellAlertIcon';
 import { BookOpenIcon } from '../../components/icons/BookOpenIcon';
-import { StatCard } from './components/StatCard';
+import { StatCard } from '../../components/StatCard';
 
 export const AdminStatsPage: React.FC = () => {
   const [stats, setStats] = useState<AppStats | null>(null);

src/pages/admin/FlyerReviewPage.test.tsx

@@ -6,16 +6,9 @@ import { MemoryRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
 import * as apiClient from '../../services/apiClient';
 import { logger } from '../../services/logger.client';
 
-// Mock dependencies
-vi.mock('../../services/apiClient', () => ({
-  getFlyersForReview: vi.fn(),
-}));
-
-vi.mock('../../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
+// The apiClient and logger are mocked globally.
+// We can get a typed reference to the apiClient for individual test overrides.
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
 // Mock LoadingSpinner to simplify DOM and avoid potential issues
 vi.mock('../../components/LoadingSpinner', () => ({
@@ -29,7 +22,7 @@ describe('FlyerReviewPage', () => {
 
   it('renders loading spinner initially', () => {
     // Mock a promise that doesn't resolve immediately to check loading state
-    vi.mocked(apiClient.getFlyersForReview).mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {}));
+    mockedApiClient.getFlyersForReview.mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {}));
 
     render(
       <MemoryRouter>
@@ -41,7 +34,7 @@ describe('FlyerReviewPage', () => {
   });
 
   it('renders empty state when no flyers are returned', async () => {
-    vi.mocked(apiClient.getFlyersForReview).mockResolvedValue({
+    mockedApiClient.getFlyersForReview.mockResolvedValue({
       ok: true,
       json: async () => [],
     } as Response);
@@ -66,14 +59,14 @@ describe('FlyerReviewPage', () => {
         file_name: 'flyer1.jpg',
         created_at: '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z',
         store: { name: 'Store A' },
-        icon_url: 'icon1.jpg',
+        icon_url: 'http://example.com/icon1.jpg',
       },
       {
         flyer_id: 2,
         file_name: 'flyer2.jpg',
         created_at: '2023-01-02T00:00:00Z',
         store: { name: 'Store B' },
-        icon_url: 'icon2.jpg',
+        icon_url: 'http://example.com/icon2.jpg',
       },
       {
         flyer_id: 3,
@@ -84,7 +77,7 @@ describe('FlyerReviewPage', () => {
       },
     ];
 
-    vi.mocked(apiClient.getFlyersForReview).mockResolvedValue({
+    mockedApiClient.getFlyersForReview.mockResolvedValue({
       ok: true,
       json: async () => mockFlyers,
     } as Response);
@@ -110,11 +103,11 @@ describe('FlyerReviewPage', () => {
     const unknownStoreItem = screen.getByText('Unknown Store').closest('li');
     const unknownStoreImage = within(unknownStoreItem!).getByRole('img');
     expect(unknownStoreImage).not.toHaveAttribute('src');
-    expect(unknownStoreImage).not.toHaveAttribute('alt');
+    expect(unknownStoreImage).toHaveAttribute('alt', 'Unknown Store');
   });
 
   it('renders error message when API response is not ok', async () => {
-    vi.mocked(apiClient.getFlyersForReview).mockResolvedValue({
+    mockedApiClient.getFlyersForReview.mockResolvedValue({
       ok: false,
       json: async () => ({ message: 'Server error' }),
     } as Response);
@@ -138,7 +131,7 @@ describe('FlyerReviewPage', () => {
 
   it('renders error message when API throws an error', async () => {
     const networkError = new Error('Network error');
-    vi.mocked(apiClient.getFlyersForReview).mockRejectedValue(networkError);
+    mockedApiClient.getFlyersForReview.mockRejectedValue(networkError);
 
     render(
       <MemoryRouter>
@@ -159,7 +152,7 @@ describe('FlyerReviewPage', () => {
 
   it('renders a generic error for non-Error rejections', async () => {
     const nonErrorRejection = { message: 'This is not an Error object' };
-    vi.mocked(apiClient.getFlyersForReview).mockRejectedValue(nonErrorRejection);
+    mockedApiClient.getFlyersForReview.mockRejectedValue(nonErrorRejection);
 
     render(
       <MemoryRouter>

src/pages/admin/FlyerReviewPage.tsx

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export const FlyerReviewPage: React.FC = () => {
               flyers.map((flyer) => (
                 <li key={flyer.flyer_id} className="p-4 hover:bg-gray-50 dark:hover:bg-gray-700/50">
                   <Link to={`/flyers/${flyer.flyer_id}`} className="flex items-center space-x-4">
-                    <img src={flyer.icon_url || undefined} alt={flyer.store?.name} className="w-12 h-12 rounded-md object-cover" />
+                    <img src={flyer.icon_url || undefined} alt={flyer.store?.name || 'Unknown Store'} className="w-12 h-12 rounded-md object-cover" />
                     <div className="flex-1">
                       <p className="font-semibold text-gray-800 dark:text-white">{flyer.store?.name || 'Unknown Store'}</p>
                       <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 dark:text-gray-400">{flyer.file_name}</p>

src/pages/admin/components/AddressForm.test.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 // src/pages/admin/components/AddressForm.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { AddressForm } from './AddressForm';
 import { createMockAddress } from '../../../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../../../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // Mock child components and icons to isolate the form's logic
 vi.mock('lucide-react', () => ({
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ describe('AddressForm', () => {
   });
 
   it('should render all address fields correctly', () => {
-    render(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} />);
 
     expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /home address/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByLabelText(/address line 1/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ describe('AddressForm', () => {
       city: 'Anytown',
       country: 'Canada',
     });
-    render(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} address={fullAddress} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} address={fullAddress} />);
 
     expect(screen.getByLabelText(/address line 1/i)).toHaveValue('123 Main St');
     expect(screen.getByLabelText(/city/i)).toHaveValue('Anytown');
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ describe('AddressForm', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onAddressChange with the correct field and value for all inputs', () => {
-    render(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} />);
 
     const inputs = [
       { label: /address line 1/i, name: 'address_line_1', value: '123 St' },
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ describe('AddressForm', () => {
   });
 
   it('should call onGeocode when the "Re-Geocode" button is clicked', () => {
-    render(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} />);
 
     const geocodeButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /re-geocode/i });
     fireEvent.click(geocodeButton);
@@ -84,14 +85,14 @@ describe('AddressForm', () => {
   });
 
   it('should show MapPinIcon when not geocoding', () => {
-    render(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} isGeocoding={false} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} isGeocoding={false} />);
     expect(screen.getByTestId('map-pin-icon')).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.queryByTestId('loading-spinner')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   describe('when isGeocoding is true', () => {
     it('should disable the button and show a loading spinner', () => {
-      render(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} isGeocoding={true} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AddressForm {...defaultProps} isGeocoding={true} />);
 
       const geocodeButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /re-geocode/i });
       expect(geocodeButton).toBeDisabled();

src/pages/admin/components/AdminBrandManager.test.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // src/pages/admin/components/AdminBrandManager.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import toast from 'react-hot-toast';
 import { AdminBrandManager } from './AdminBrandManager';
 import * as apiClient from '../../../services/apiClient';
 import { createMockBrand } from '../../../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../../../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 // After mocking, we can get a type-safe mocked version of the module.
 // This allows us to use .mockResolvedValue, .mockRejectedValue, etc. on the functions.
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchAllBrands.mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {}));
 
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Rendering AdminBrandManager component.');
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
 
     console.log('TEST ASSERTION: Checking for the loading text.');
     expect(screen.getByText('Loading brands...')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchAllBrands.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network Error'));
 
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Rendering AdminBrandManager component.');
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
 
     console.log('TEST ASSERTION: Waiting for error message to be displayed.');
     await waitFor(() => {
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     );
 
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Rendering AdminBrandManager component.');
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
 
     console.log('TEST ASSERTION: Waiting for brand list to render.');
     await waitFor(() => {
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     mockedToast.loading.mockReturnValue('toast-1');
 
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Rendering AdminBrandManager component.');
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Waiting for initial brands to render.');
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     mockedApiClient.uploadBrandLogo.mockRejectedValue('A string error');
     mockedToast.loading.mockReturnValue('toast-non-error');
 
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
     const file = new File(['logo'], 'logo.png', { type: 'image/png' });
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     mockedToast.loading.mockReturnValue('toast-2');
 
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Rendering AdminBrandManager component.');
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Waiting for initial brands to render.');
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
       async () => new Response(JSON.stringify(mockBrands), { status: 200 }),
     );
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Rendering AdminBrandManager component.');
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Waiting for initial brands to render.');
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
       async () => new Response(JSON.stringify(mockBrands), { status: 200 }),
     );
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Rendering AdminBrandManager component.');
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Waiting for initial brands to render.');
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
@@ -247,7 +248,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     );
     mockedToast.loading.mockReturnValue('toast-3');
 
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
     const file = new File(['logo'], 'logo.png', { type: 'image/png' });
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchAllBrands.mockImplementation(
       async () => new Response(JSON.stringify(mockBrands), { status: 200 }),
     );
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     console.log('TEST ACTION: Waiting for initial brands to render.');
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     mockedApiClient.fetchAllBrands.mockImplementation(
       async () => new Response(JSON.stringify([]), { status: 200 }),
     );
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /brand management/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -309,7 +310,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     );
     mockedToast.loading.mockReturnValue('toast-fallback');
 
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
     const file = new File(['logo'], 'logo.png', { type: 'image/png' });
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ describe('AdminBrandManager', () => {
     );
     mockedToast.loading.mockReturnValue('toast-opt');
 
-    render(<AdminBrandManager />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AdminBrandManager />);
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('No Frills')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
     // Brand 1: No Frills (initially null logo)

src/pages/admin/components/AuthView.test.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // src/pages/admin/components/AuthView.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor, act } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mock } from 'vitest';
 import { AuthView } from './AuthView';
 import * as apiClient from '../../../services/apiClient';
 import { notifySuccess, notifyError } from '../../../services/notificationService';
 import { createMockUserProfile } from '../../../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../../../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient, true);
 
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
 
   describe('Initial Render and Login', () => {
     it('should render the Sign In form by default', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /sign in/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
       expect(screen.getByLabelText(/email address/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
       expect(screen.getByLabelText(/^password$/i)).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should allow typing in email and password fields', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       const emailInput = screen.getByLabelText(/email address/i);
       const passwordInput = screen.getByLabelText(/^password$/i);
 
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should call loginUser and onLoginSuccess on successful login', async () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/email address/i), {
         target: { value: 'test@example.com' },
       });
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
 
     it('should display an error on failed login', async () => {
       (mockedApiClient.loginUser as Mock).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Invalid credentials'));
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.submit(screen.getByTestId('auth-form'));
 
       await waitFor(() => {
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
       (mockedApiClient.loginUser as Mock).mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Unauthorized' }), { status: 401 }),
       );
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.submit(screen.getByTestId('auth-form'));
 
       await waitFor(() => {
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
 
   describe('Registration', () => {
     it('should switch to the registration form', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /don't have an account\? register/i }));
 
       expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /create an account/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should call registerUser on successful registration', async () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /don't have an account\? register/i }));
 
       fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/full name/i), { target: { value: 'Test User' } });
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should allow registration without providing a full name', async () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /don't have an account\? register/i }));
 
       // Do not fill in the full name, which is marked as optional
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
       (mockedApiClient.registerUser as Mock).mockRejectedValueOnce(
         new Error('Email already exists'),
       );
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /don't have an account\? register/i }));
       fireEvent.submit(screen.getByTestId('auth-form'));
 
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
       (mockedApiClient.registerUser as Mock).mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'User exists' }), { status: 409 }),
       );
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /don't have an account\? register/i }));
       fireEvent.submit(screen.getByTestId('auth-form'));
 
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
 
   describe('Forgot Password', () => {
     it('should switch to the reset password form', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /forgot password\?/i }));
 
       expect(screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /reset password/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should call requestPasswordReset and show success message', async () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /forgot password\?/i }));
 
       fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/email address/i), {
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
       (mockedApiClient.requestPasswordReset as Mock).mockRejectedValueOnce(
         new Error('User not found'),
       );
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /forgot password\?/i }));
       fireEvent.submit(screen.getByTestId('reset-password-form'));
 
@@ -251,7 +252,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
       (mockedApiClient.requestPasswordReset as Mock).mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Rate limit exceeded' }), { status: 429 }),
       );
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /forgot password\?/i }));
       fireEvent.submit(screen.getByTestId('reset-password-form'));
 
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should switch back to sign in from forgot password', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /forgot password\?/i }));
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /back to sign in/i }));
 
@@ -287,13 +288,13 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     });
 
     it('should set window.location.href for Google OAuth', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign in with google/i }));
       expect(window.location.href).toBe('/api/auth/google');
     });
 
     it('should set window.location.href for GitHub OAuth', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /sign in with github/i }));
       expect(window.location.href).toBe('/api/auth/github');
     });
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
 
   describe('UI Logic and Loading States', () => {
     it('should toggle "Remember me" checkbox', () => {
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
       const rememberMeCheckbox = screen.getByRole('checkbox', { name: /remember me/i });
 
       expect(rememberMeCheckbox).not.toBeChecked();
@@ -316,7 +317,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
     it('should show loading state during login submission', async () => {
       // Mock a promise that doesn't resolve immediately
       (mockedApiClient.loginUser as Mock).mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {}));
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
 
       fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/email address/i), {
         target: { value: 'test@example.com' },
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
 
     it('should show loading state during password reset submission', async () => {
       (mockedApiClient.requestPasswordReset as Mock).mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {}));
-      render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+      renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
 
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /forgot password\?/i }));
 
@@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ describe('AuthView', () => {
   it('should show loading state during registration submission', async () => {
     // Mock a promise that doesn't resolve immediately
     (mockedApiClient.registerUser as Mock).mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {}));
-    render(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<AuthView {...defaultProps} />);
 
     // Switch to registration view
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /don't have an account\? register/i }));

src/pages/admin/components/CorrectionRow.test.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // src/pages/admin/components/CorrectionRow.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
 import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
-import { render, screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mocked } from 'vitest';
 import { CorrectionRow } from './CorrectionRow';
 import * as apiClient from '../../../services/apiClient';
@@ -10,15 +10,11 @@ import {
   createMockMasterGroceryItem,
   createMockCategory,
 } from '../../../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../../../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
-// Cast the mocked module to its mocked type to retain type safety and autocompletion.
-// The apiClient is now mocked globally via src/tests/setup/tests-setup-unit.ts.
-const mockedApiClient = apiClient as Mocked<typeof apiClient>;
-
-// Mock the logger
-vi.mock('../../../services/logger', () => ({
-  logger: { info: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() },
-}));
+// The apiClient and logger are mocked globally.
+// We can get a typed reference to the apiClient for individual test overrides.
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
 // Mock the ConfirmationModal to test its props and interactions
 // The ConfirmationModal is now in a different directory.
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@ const defaultProps = {
 
 // Helper to render the component inside a table structure
 const renderInTable = (props = defaultProps) => {
-  return render(
+  return renderWithProviders(
     <table>
       <tbody>
         <CorrectionRow {...props} />

src/pages/admin/components/ProfileManager.test.tsx

@@ -21,25 +21,10 @@ vi.mock('../../../components/PasswordInput', () => ({
   PasswordInput: (props: any) => <input {...props} data-testid="password-input" />,
 }));
 
+// The apiClient, notificationService, react-hot-toast, and logger are all mocked globally.
+// We can get a typed reference to the apiClient for individual test overrides.
 const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient, true);
 
-vi.mock('../../../services/notificationService');
-vi.mock('react-hot-toast', () => ({
-  __esModule: true,
-  default: {
-    success: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-vi.mock('../../../services/logger.client', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    debug: vi.fn(),
-    info: vi.fn(),
-    warn: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-
 const mockOnClose = vi.fn();
 const mockOnLoginSuccess = vi.fn();
 const mockOnSignOut = vi.fn();
@@ -279,6 +264,7 @@ describe('ProfileManager', () => {
     });
 
     it('should show an error if trying to save profile when not logged in', async () => {
+      const loggerSpy = vi.spyOn(logger.logger, 'warn');
       // This is an edge case, but good to test the safeguard
       render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} userProfile={null} />);
       fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/full name/i), { target: { value: 'Updated Name' } });
@@ -286,6 +272,7 @@ describe('ProfileManager', () => {
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Cannot save profile, no user is logged in.');
+        expect(loggerSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('[handleProfileSave] Aborted: No user is logged in.');
       });
       expect(mockedApiClient.updateUserProfile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
@@ -511,6 +498,23 @@ describe('ProfileManager', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should show an error when trying to link a GitHub account', async () => {
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /security/i }));
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /link github account/i })).toBeInTheDocument();
+      });
+
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /link github account/i }));
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          'Account linking with github is not yet implemented.',
+        );
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should switch between all tabs correctly', async () => {
       render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
 
@@ -819,6 +823,63 @@ describe('ProfileManager', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should allow changing unit system when preferences are initially null', async () => {
+      const profileWithoutPrefs = { ...authenticatedProfile, preferences: null as any };
+      const { rerender } = render(
+        <ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} userProfile={profileWithoutPrefs} />,
+      );
+
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /preferences/i }));
+
+      const imperialRadio = await screen.findByLabelText(/imperial/i);
+      const metricRadio = screen.getByLabelText(/metric/i);
+
+      // With null preferences, neither should be checked.
+      expect(imperialRadio).not.toBeChecked();
+      expect(metricRadio).not.toBeChecked();
+
+      // Mock the API response for the update
+      const updatedProfileWithPrefs = {
+        ...profileWithoutPrefs,
+        preferences: { darkMode: false, unitSystem: 'metric' as const },
+      };
+      mockedApiClient.updateUserPreferences.mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        json: () => Promise.resolve(updatedProfileWithPrefs),
+      } as Response);
+
+      fireEvent.click(metricRadio);
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockedApiClient.updateUserPreferences).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          { unitSystem: 'metric' },
+          expect.anything(),
+        );
+        expect(mockOnProfileUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(updatedProfileWithPrefs);
+      });
+
+      // Rerender with the new profile to check the UI update
+      rerender(
+        <ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} userProfile={updatedProfileWithPrefs} />,
+      );
+
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /preferences/i }));
+      expect(await screen.findByLabelText(/metric/i)).toBeChecked();
+      expect(screen.getByLabelText(/imperial/i)).not.toBeChecked();
+    });
+
+    it('should not call onProfileUpdate if updating unit system fails', async () => {
+      mockedApiClient.updateUserPreferences.mockRejectedValue(new Error('API failed'));
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /preferences/i }));
+      const metricRadio = await screen.findByLabelText(/metric/i);
+      fireEvent.click(metricRadio);
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('API failed');
+      });
+      expect(mockOnProfileUpdate).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
     it('should only call updateProfile when only profile data has changed', async () => {
       render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
       await waitFor(() =>
@@ -883,6 +944,12 @@ describe('ProfileManager', () => {
       });
     });
 
+    it('should not render auth views when the user is already authenticated', () => {
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
+      expect(screen.queryByText('Sign In')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+      expect(screen.queryByText('Create an Account')).not.toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+
     it('should log warning if address fetch returns null', async () => {
       console.log('[TEST DEBUG] Running: should log warning if address fetch returns null');
       const loggerSpy = vi.spyOn(logger.logger, 'warn');
@@ -905,5 +972,127 @@ describe('ProfileManager', () => {
         );
       });
     });
+
+    it('should handle updating the user profile and address with empty strings', async () => {
+      mockedApiClient.updateUserProfile.mockImplementation(async (data) =>
+        new Response(JSON.stringify({ ...authenticatedProfile, ...data })),
+      );
+      mockedApiClient.updateUserAddress.mockImplementation(async (data) =>
+        new Response(JSON.stringify({ ...mockAddress, ...data })),
+      );
+
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/full name/i)).toHaveValue(authenticatedProfile.full_name);
+      });
+      await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByLabelText(/city/i)).toHaveValue(mockAddress.city));
+
+      fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/full name/i), { target: { value: '' } });
+      fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/city/i), { target: { value: '' } });
+
+      const saveButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /save profile/i });
+      fireEvent.click(saveButton);
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(mockedApiClient.updateUserProfile).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          { full_name: '', avatar_url: authenticatedProfile.avatar_url },
+          expect.objectContaining({ signal: expect.anything() }),
+        );
+        expect(mockedApiClient.updateUserAddress).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ city: '' }),
+          expect.objectContaining({ signal: expect.anything() }),
+        );
+        expect(mockOnProfileUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({ full_name: '' })
+        );
+        expect(notifySuccess).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Profile updated successfully!');
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should correctly clear the form when userProfile.address_id is null', async () => {
+      const profileNoAddress = { ...authenticatedProfile, address_id: null };
+      render(
+        <ProfileManager
+          {...defaultAuthenticatedProps}
+          userProfile={profileNoAddress as any} // Forcefully override the type to simulate address_id: null
+        />,
+      );
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/address line 1/i)).toHaveValue('');
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/city/i)).toHaveValue('');
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/province \/ state/i)).toHaveValue('');
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/postal \/ zip code/i)).toHaveValue('');
+        expect(screen.getByLabelText(/country/i)).toHaveValue('');
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should show error notification when manual geocoding fails', async () => {
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
+      await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByLabelText(/city/i)).toHaveValue(mockAddress.city));
+
+      (mockedApiClient.geocodeAddress as Mock).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Geocoding failed'));
+
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /re-geocode/i }));
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Geocoding failed');
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should show error notification when auto-geocoding fails', async () => {
+      vi.useFakeTimers();
+      // FIX: Mock getUserAddress to return an address *without* coordinates.
+      // This is the condition required to trigger the auto-geocoding logic.
+      const addressWithoutCoords = { ...mockAddress, latitude: undefined, longitude: undefined };
+      mockedApiClient.getUserAddress.mockResolvedValue(
+        new Response(JSON.stringify(addressWithoutCoords)),
+      );
+
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
+
+      // Wait for initial load
+      await act(async () => {
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      });
+
+      (mockedApiClient.geocodeAddress as Mock).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Auto-geocode error'));
+
+      fireEvent.change(screen.getByLabelText(/city/i), { target: { value: 'ErrorCity' } });
+
+      await act(async () => {
+        await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+      });
+
+      expect(notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Auto-geocode error');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle permission denied error during geocoding', async () => {
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} />);
+      await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByLabelText(/city/i)).toHaveValue(mockAddress.city));
+
+      (mockedApiClient.geocodeAddress as Mock).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Permission denied'));
+
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /re-geocode/i }));
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(notifyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Permission denied');
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should not trigger OAuth link if user profile is missing', async () => {
+      // This is an edge case to test the guard clause in handleOAuthLink
+      render(<ProfileManager {...defaultAuthenticatedProps} userProfile={null} />);
+      fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /security/i }));
+
+      const linkButton = await screen.findByRole('button', { name: /link google account/i });
+      fireEvent.click(linkButton);
+
+      // The function should just return, so nothing should happen.
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(notifyError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      });
+    });
   });
 });

src/pages/admin/components/StatCard.test.tsx

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { StatCard } from './StatCard';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../../../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
 describe('StatCard', () => {
   it('should render the title and value correctly', () => {
-    render(<StatCard title="Test Stat" value="1,234" icon={<div data-testid="icon" />} />);
+    renderWithProviders(<StatCard title="Test Stat" value="1,234" icon={<div data-testid="icon" />} />);
 
     expect(screen.getByText('Test Stat')).toBeInTheDocument();
     expect(screen.getByText('1,234')).toBeInTheDocument();
   });
 
   it('should render the icon', () => {
-    render(
+    renderWithProviders(
       <StatCard title="Test Stat" value={100} icon={<div data-testid="test-icon">Icon</div>} />,
     );
 

src/pages/admin/components/SystemCheck.test.tsx

@@ -1,47 +1,18 @@
 // src/pages/admin/components/SystemCheck.test.tsx
 import React from 'react';
-import { render, screen, waitFor, cleanup, fireEvent, act } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { screen, waitFor, cleanup, fireEvent, act } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach, type Mock } from 'vitest';
 import { SystemCheck } from './SystemCheck';
 import * as apiClient from '../../../services/apiClient';
 import toast from 'react-hot-toast';
 import { createMockUser } from '../../../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../../../tests/utils/renderWithProviders';
 
-// Mock the entire apiClient module to ensure all exports are defined.
-// This is the primary fix for the error: [vitest] No "..." export is defined on the mock.
-vi.mock('../../../services/apiClient', () => ({
-  pingBackend: vi.fn(),
-  checkStorage: vi.fn(),
-  checkDbPoolHealth: vi.fn(),
-  checkPm2Status: vi.fn(),
-  checkRedisHealth: vi.fn(),
-  checkDbSchema: vi.fn(),
-  loginUser: vi.fn(),
-  triggerFailingJob: vi.fn(),
-  clearGeocodeCache: vi.fn(),
-}));
-
-// Get a type-safe mocked version of the apiClient module.
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
+// We can get a type-safe mocked version of the module to override functions for specific tests.
 const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
 
-// Correct the relative path to the logger module.
-vi.mock('../../../services/logger', () => ({
-  logger: {
-    info: vi.fn(),
-    warn: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-    debug: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
-
-// Mock toast to check for notifications
-vi.mock('react-hot-toast', () => ({
-  __esModule: true,
-  default: {
-    success: vi.fn(),
-    error: vi.fn(),
-  },
-}));
+// The logger and react-hot-toast are mocked globally.
 
 describe('SystemCheck', () => {
   // Store original env variable
@@ -100,7 +71,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
   it('should render initial idle state and then run checks automatically on mount', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     // Initially, all checks should be in 'running' state due to auto-run
     // However, the API key check is synchronous and resolves immediately.
@@ -126,7 +97,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
   it('should show API key as failed if GEMINI_API_KEY is not set', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey(undefined);
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     // Wait for the specific error message to appear.
     expect(
@@ -139,7 +110,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
   it('should show backend connection as failed if pingBackend fails', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
     (mockedApiClient.pingBackend as Mock).mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Network error'));
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByText('Network error')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -164,7 +135,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: false, message: 'PM2 process not found' })),
       ),
     );
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByText('PM2 process not found')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -174,7 +145,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
   it('should show database pool check as failed if checkDbPoolHealth fails', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key'); // This was missing
     mockedApiClient.checkDbPoolHealth.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('DB connection refused'));
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByText('DB connection refused')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -184,7 +155,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
   it('should show Redis check as failed if checkRedisHealth fails', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
     mockedApiClient.checkRedisHealth.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Redis connection refused'));
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByText('Redis connection refused')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -197,7 +168,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
     mockedApiClient.checkDbPoolHealth.mockImplementationOnce(() =>
       Promise.reject(new Error('DB connection refused')),
     );
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       // Verify the specific "skipped" messages for DB-dependent checks
@@ -214,7 +185,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
     mockedApiClient.checkDbSchema.mockImplementationOnce(() =>
       Promise.resolve(new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: false, message: 'Schema mismatch' }))),
     );
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByText('Schema mismatch')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -224,7 +195,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
   it('should show seeded user check as failed if loginUser fails', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
     mockedApiClient.loginUser.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Incorrect email or password'));
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(
@@ -236,7 +207,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
   it('should show a generic failure message for other login errors', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
     mockedApiClient.loginUser.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Server is on fire'));
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByText('Failed: Server is on fire')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -246,7 +217,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
   it('should show storage directory check as failed if checkStorage fails', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
     mockedApiClient.checkStorage.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Storage not writable'));
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(screen.getByText('Storage not writable')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -262,7 +233,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
     });
     mockedApiClient.pingBackend.mockImplementation(() => mockPromise);
 
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     // The button text changes to "Running Checks..."
     const runningButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /running checks/i });
@@ -283,7 +254,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
   it('should re-run checks when the "Re-run Checks" button is clicked', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     // Wait for initial auto-run to complete
     await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText(/finished in/i)).toBeInTheDocument());
@@ -328,7 +299,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
     mockedApiClient.checkDbSchema.mockImplementationOnce(() =>
       Promise.resolve(new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: false, message: 'Schema mismatch' }))),
     );
-    const { container } = render(<SystemCheck />);
+    const { container } = renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       // Instead of test-ids, we check for the result: the icon's color class.
@@ -344,7 +315,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
   it('should display elapsed time after checks complete', async () => {
     setGeminiApiKey('mock-api-key');
-    render(<SystemCheck />);
+    renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
     await waitFor(() => {
       const elapsedTimeText = screen.getByText(/finished in \d+\.\d{2} seconds\./i);
@@ -357,7 +328,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
   describe('Integration: Job Queue Retries', () => {
     it('should call triggerFailingJob and show a success toast', async () => {
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       const triggerButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /trigger failing job/i });
       fireEvent.click(triggerButton);
 
@@ -374,7 +345,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       });
       mockedApiClient.triggerFailingJob.mockImplementation(() => mockPromise);
 
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       const triggerButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /trigger failing job/i });
       fireEvent.click(triggerButton);
 
@@ -390,7 +361,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
     it('should show an error toast if triggering the job fails', async () => {
       mockedApiClient.triggerFailingJob.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Queue is down'));
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       const triggerButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /trigger failing job/i });
       fireEvent.click(triggerButton);
 
@@ -403,7 +374,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.triggerFailingJob.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Server error' }), { status: 500 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       const triggerButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /trigger failing job/i });
       fireEvent.click(triggerButton);
 
@@ -420,7 +391,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
     });
 
     it('should call clearGeocodeCache and show a success toast', async () => {
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       // Wait for checks to run and Redis to be OK
       await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('Redis OK')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
@@ -435,7 +406,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
     it('should show an error toast if clearing the cache fails', async () => {
       mockedApiClient.clearGeocodeCache.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Redis is busy'));
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('Redis OK')).toBeInTheDocument());
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /clear geocode cache/i }));
       await waitFor(() => expect(vi.mocked(toast).error).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Redis is busy'));
@@ -443,7 +414,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
 
     it('should not call clearGeocodeCache if user cancels confirmation', async () => {
       vi.spyOn(window, 'confirm').mockReturnValue(false);
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('Redis OK')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
       const clearButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /clear geocode cache/i });
@@ -456,7 +427,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.clearGeocodeCache.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Cache clear failed' }), { status: 500 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
       await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('Redis OK')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
       fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /clear geocode cache/i }));
@@ -470,7 +441,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.checkRedisHealth.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: false, message: 'Redis down' })),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByText('Redis down')).toBeInTheDocument());
 
@@ -486,7 +457,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.pingBackend.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response('unexpected response', { status: 200 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(
@@ -499,7 +470,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.checkStorage.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Permission denied' }), { status: 403 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('Permission denied')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -511,7 +482,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.checkDbSchema.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Schema check failed 500' }), { status: 500 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('Schema check failed 500')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -523,7 +494,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.checkDbPoolHealth.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'DB Pool check failed 500' }), { status: 500 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('DB Pool check failed 500')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -535,7 +506,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.checkPm2Status.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'PM2 check failed 500' }), { status: 500 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('PM2 check failed 500')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -547,7 +518,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.checkRedisHealth.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Redis check failed 500' }), { status: 500 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('Redis check failed 500')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -559,7 +530,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.checkRedisHealth.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ success: false, message: 'Redis is down' })),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('Redis is down')).toBeInTheDocument();
@@ -571,7 +542,7 @@ describe('SystemCheck', () => {
       mockedApiClient.loginUser.mockResolvedValueOnce(
         new Response(JSON.stringify({ message: 'Invalid credentials' }), { status: 401 }),
       );
-      render(<SystemCheck />);
+      renderWithProviders(<SystemCheck />);
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         expect(screen.getByText('Failed: Invalid credentials')).toBeInTheDocument();

src/providers/ApiProvider.test.tsx

@@ -6,14 +6,8 @@ import { ApiProvider } from './ApiProvider';
 import { ApiContext } from '../contexts/ApiContext';
 import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
 
-// Mock the apiClient module.
-// Since ApiProvider and ApiContext import * as apiClient, mocking it ensures
-// we control the reference identity and can verify it's being passed correctly.
-vi.mock('../services/apiClient', () => ({
-  fetchFlyers: vi.fn(),
-  fetchMasterItems: vi.fn(),
-  // Add other mocked methods as needed for the shape to be valid-ish
-}));
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
+// This test verifies that the ApiProvider correctly provides this mocked module.
 
 describe('ApiProvider & ApiContext', () => {
   const TestConsumer = () => {

src/providers/AppProviders.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// src/providers/AppProviders.test.tsx
+import React from 'react';
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { AppProviders } from './AppProviders';
+
+// Mock all the providers to avoid their side effects and isolate AppProviders logic.
+// We render a simple div with a data-testid for each to verify nesting.
+vi.mock('./ModalProvider', () => ({
+  ModalProvider: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
+    <div data-testid="modal-provider">{children}</div>
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./AuthProvider', () => ({
+  AuthProvider: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
+    <div data-testid="auth-provider">{children}</div>
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./FlyersProvider', () => ({
+  FlyersProvider: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
+    <div data-testid="flyers-provider">{children}</div>
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./MasterItemsProvider', () => ({
+  MasterItemsProvider: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
+    <div data-testid="master-items-provider">{children}</div>
+  ),
+}));
+
+vi.mock('./UserDataProvider', () => ({
+  UserDataProvider: ({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) => (
+    <div data-testid="user-data-provider">{children}</div>
+  ),
+}));
+
+describe('AppProviders', () => {
+  it('renders children correctly', () => {
+    render(
+      <AppProviders>
+        <div data-testid="test-child">Test Child</div>
+      </AppProviders>,
+    );
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('test-child')).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(screen.getByText('Test Child')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
+  it('renders providers in the correct nesting order', () => {
+    render(
+      <AppProviders>
+        <div data-testid="test-child">Test Child</div>
+      </AppProviders>,
+    );
+
+    const modalProvider = screen.getByTestId('modal-provider');
+    const authProvider = screen.getByTestId('auth-provider');
+    const flyersProvider = screen.getByTestId('flyers-provider');
+    const masterItemsProvider = screen.getByTestId('master-items-provider');
+    const userDataProvider = screen.getByTestId('user-data-provider');
+    const child = screen.getByTestId('test-child');
+
+    // Verify nesting structure: Modal -> Auth -> Flyers -> MasterItems -> UserData -> Child
+    expect(modalProvider).toContainElement(authProvider);
+    expect(authProvider).toContainElement(flyersProvider);
+    expect(flyersProvider).toContainElement(masterItemsProvider);
+    expect(masterItemsProvider).toContainElement(userDataProvider);
+    expect(userDataProvider).toContainElement(child);
+  });
+});

src/providers/AuthProvider.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// src/providers/AuthProvider.test.tsx
+import React, { useContext, useState } from 'react';
+import { render, screen, waitFor, fireEvent, act } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mocked } from 'vitest';
+import { AuthProvider } from './AuthProvider';
+import { AuthContext } from '../contexts/AuthContext';
+import * as tokenStorage from '../services/tokenStorage';
+import { createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import * as apiClient from '../services/apiClient';
+
+// Mocks
+// The apiClient is mocked globally in `src/tests/setup/globalApiMock.ts`.
+vi.mock('../services/tokenStorage');
+vi.mock('../services/logger.client', () => ({
+  logger: {
+    info: vi.fn(),
+    warn: vi.fn(),
+    error: vi.fn(),
+    debug: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+const mockedApiClient = vi.mocked(apiClient);
+const mockedTokenStorage = tokenStorage as Mocked<typeof tokenStorage>;
+
+const mockProfile = createMockUserProfile({
+  user: { user_id: 'user-123', email: 'test@example.com' },
+});
+
+// A simple consumer component to access and display context values
+const TestConsumer = () => {
+  const context = useContext(AuthContext);
+  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  if (!context) {
+    return <div>No Context</div>;
+  }
+
+  const handleLoginWithoutProfile = async () => {
+    try {
+      await context.login('test-token-no-profile');
+    } catch (e) {
+      setError(e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e));
+    }
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <div data-testid="auth-status">{context.authStatus}</div>
+      <div data-testid="user-email">{context.userProfile?.user.email ?? 'No User'}</div>
+      <div data-testid="is-loading">{context.isLoading.toString()}</div>
+      {error && <div data-testid="error-display">{error}</div>}
+      <button onClick={() => context.login('test-token', mockProfile)}>Login with Profile</button>
+      <button onClick={handleLoginWithoutProfile}>Login without Profile</button>
+      <button onClick={context.logout}>Logout</button>
+      <button onClick={() => context.updateProfile({ full_name: 'Updated Name' })}>
+        Update Profile
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  );
+};
+
+const renderWithProvider = () => {
+  return render(
+    <AuthProvider>
+      <TestConsumer />
+    </AuthProvider>,
+  );
+};
+
+describe('AuthProvider', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should start in "Determining..." state and transition to "SIGNED_OUT" if no token exists', async () => {
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue(null);
+    renderWithProvider();
+
+    // The transition happens synchronously in the effect when no token is present,
+    // so 'Determining...' might be skipped or flashed too quickly for the test runner.
+    // We check that it settles correctly.
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT');
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('is-loading')).toHaveTextContent('false');
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should transition to "AUTHENTICATED" if a valid token exists', async () => {
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue('valid-token');
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(JSON.stringify(mockProfile)),
+    );
+
+    renderWithProvider();
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('AUTHENTICATED');
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('user-email')).toHaveTextContent('test@example.com');
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('is-loading')).toHaveTextContent('false');
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should handle token validation failure by signing out', async () => {
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue('invalid-token');
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Invalid Token'));
+
+    renderWithProvider();
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT');
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedTokenStorage.removeToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should handle a valid token that returns no profile by signing out', async () => {
+    // This test covers lines 51-55
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue('valid-token-no-profile');
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(JSON.stringify(null)),
+    );
+
+    renderWithProvider();
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('Determining...');
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT');
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedTokenStorage.removeToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('user-email')).toHaveTextContent('No User');
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('is-loading')).toHaveTextContent('false');
+  });
+
+  it('should log in a user with provided profile data', async () => {
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue(null);
+    renderWithProvider();
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT'));
+
+    const loginButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login with Profile' });
+    await act(async () => {
+      fireEvent.click(loginButton);
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedTokenStorage.setToken).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test-token');
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('AUTHENTICATED');
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('user-email')).toHaveTextContent('test@example.com');
+    // API should not be called if profile is provided
+    expect(mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should log in a user and fetch profile if not provided', async () => {
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue(null);
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(JSON.stringify(mockProfile)),
+    );
+    renderWithProvider();
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT'));
+
+    const loginButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login without Profile' });
+    await act(async () => {
+      fireEvent.click(loginButton);
+    });
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('AUTHENTICATED');
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('user-email')).toHaveTextContent('test@example.com');
+    });
+
+    expect(mockedTokenStorage.setToken).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test-token-no-profile');
+    expect(mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should throw an error and log out if profile fetch fails after login', async () => {
+    // This test covers lines 109-111
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue(null);
+    const fetchError = new Error('API is down');
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockRejectedValue(fetchError);
+
+    renderWithProvider();
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT');
+    });
+
+    const loginButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Login without Profile' });
+
+    // Click the button that triggers the failing login
+    fireEvent.click(loginButton);
+
+    // After the error is thrown, the state should be rolled back
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      // The error is now caught and displayed by the TestConsumer
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('error-display')).toHaveTextContent(
+        'Login succeeded, but failed to fetch your data: Received null or undefined profile from API.',
+      );
+
+      expect(mockedTokenStorage.setToken).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test-token-no-profile');
+      expect(mockedTokenStorage.removeToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT');
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should log out the user', async () => {
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue('valid-token');
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(JSON.stringify(mockProfile)),
+    );
+    renderWithProvider();
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('AUTHENTICATED'));
+
+    const logoutButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Logout' });
+    fireEvent.click(logoutButton);
+
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('SIGNED_OUT');
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('user-email')).toHaveTextContent('No User');
+    expect(mockedTokenStorage.removeToken).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should update the user profile', async () => {
+    mockedTokenStorage.getToken.mockReturnValue('valid-token');
+    mockedApiClient.getAuthenticatedUserProfile.mockResolvedValue(
+      new Response(JSON.stringify(mockProfile)),
+    );
+    renderWithProvider();
+    await waitFor(() => expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('AUTHENTICATED'));
+
+    const updateButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Update Profile' });
+    fireEvent.click(updateButton);
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      // The profile object is internal, so we can't directly check it.
+      // A good proxy is to see if a component that uses it would re-render.
+      // Since our consumer doesn't display the name, we just confirm the function was called.
+      // In a real app, we'd check the updated UI element.
+      expect(screen.getByTestId('auth-status')).toHaveTextContent('AUTHENTICATED');
+    });
+  });
+});

src/routes/admin.content.routes.test.ts

@@ -250,6 +250,17 @@ describe('Admin Content Management Routes (/api/admin)', () => {
       expect(response.status).toBe(404);
       expect(response.body.message).toBe('Correction with ID 999 not found');
     });
+
+    it('PUT /corrections/:id should return 500 on a generic DB error', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(mockedDb.adminRepo.updateSuggestedCorrection).mockRejectedValue(
+        new Error('Generic DB Error'),
+      );
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .put('/api/admin/corrections/101')
+        .send({ suggested_value: 'new value' });
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('Generic DB Error');
+    });
   });
 
   describe('Flyer Review Routes', () => {
@@ -294,6 +305,13 @@ describe('Admin Content Management Routes (/api/admin)', () => {
       expect(response.body).toEqual(mockBrands);
     });
 
+    it('GET /brands should return 500 on DB error', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(mockedDb.flyerRepo.getAllBrands).mockRejectedValue(new Error('DB Error'));
+      const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/admin/brands');
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('DB Error');
+    });
+
     it('POST /brands/:id/logo should upload a logo and update the brand', async () => {
       const brandId = 55;
       vi.mocked(mockedDb.adminRepo.updateBrandLogo).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
@@ -500,6 +518,16 @@ describe('Admin Content Management Routes (/api/admin)', () => {
       expect(response.body.message).toBe('Flyer with ID 999 not found.');
     });
 
+    it('DELETE /flyers/:flyerId should return 500 on a generic DB error', async () => {
+      const flyerId = 42;
+      vi.mocked(mockedDb.flyerRepo.deleteFlyer).mockRejectedValue(
+        new Error('Generic DB Error'),
+      );
+      const response = await supertest(app).delete(`/api/admin/flyers/${flyerId}`);
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('Generic DB Error');
+    });
+
     it('DELETE /flyers/:flyerId should return 400 for an invalid flyerId', async () => {
       const response = await supertest(app).delete('/api/admin/flyers/abc');
       expect(response.status).toBe(400);

src/routes/admin.monitoring.routes.test.ts

@@ -54,6 +54,14 @@ vi.mock('../services/workers.server', () => ({
   weeklyAnalyticsWorker: { name: 'weekly-analytics-reporting', isRunning: vi.fn() },
 }));
 
+// Mock the monitoring service directly to test route error handling
+vi.mock('../services/monitoringService.server', () => ({
+  monitoringService: {
+    getWorkerStatuses: vi.fn(),
+    getQueueStatuses: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
 // Mock other dependencies that are part of the adminRouter setup but not directly tested here
 vi.mock('../services/db/flyer.db');
 vi.mock('../services/db/recipe.db');
@@ -78,11 +86,8 @@ vi.mock('@bull-board/express', () => ({
 import adminRouter from './admin.routes';
 
 // Import the mocked modules to control them
-import * as queueService from '../services/queueService.server';
-import * as workerService from '../services/workers.server';
+import { monitoringService } from '../services/monitoringService.server';
 import { adminRepo } from '../services/db/index.db';
-const mockedQueueService = queueService as Mocked<typeof queueService>;
-const mockedWorkerService = workerService as Mocked<typeof workerService>;
 
 // Mock the logger
 vi.mock('../services/logger.server', () => ({
@@ -146,16 +151,26 @@ describe('Admin Monitoring Routes (/api/admin)', () => {
       expect(response.body.errors).toBeDefined();
       expect(response.body.errors.length).toBe(2); // Both limit and offset are invalid
     });
+
+    it('should return 500 if fetching activity log fails', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(adminRepo.getActivityLog).mockRejectedValue(new Error('DB Error'));
+      const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/admin/activity-log');
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('DB Error');
+    });
   });
 
   describe('GET /workers/status', () => {
     it('should return the status of all registered workers', async () => {
       // Arrange: Set the mock status for each worker
-      vi.mocked(mockedWorkerService.flyerWorker.isRunning).mockReturnValue(true);
-      vi.mocked(mockedWorkerService.emailWorker.isRunning).mockReturnValue(true);
-      vi.mocked(mockedWorkerService.analyticsWorker.isRunning).mockReturnValue(false); // Simulate one worker being stopped
-      vi.mocked(mockedWorkerService.cleanupWorker.isRunning).mockReturnValue(true);
-      vi.mocked(mockedWorkerService.weeklyAnalyticsWorker.isRunning).mockReturnValue(true);
+      const mockStatuses = [
+        { name: 'flyer-processing', isRunning: true },
+        { name: 'email-sending', isRunning: true },
+        { name: 'analytics-reporting', isRunning: false },
+        { name: 'file-cleanup', isRunning: true },
+        { name: 'weekly-analytics-reporting', isRunning: true },
+      ];
+      vi.mocked(monitoringService.getWorkerStatuses).mockResolvedValue(mockStatuses);
 
       // Act
       const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/admin/workers/status');
@@ -170,51 +185,41 @@ describe('Admin Monitoring Routes (/api/admin)', () => {
         { name: 'weekly-analytics-reporting', isRunning: true },
       ]);
     });
+
+    it('should return 500 if fetching worker statuses fails', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(monitoringService.getWorkerStatuses).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Worker Error'));
+      const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/admin/workers/status');
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('Worker Error');
+    });
   });
 
   describe('GET /queues/status', () => {
     it('should return job counts for all registered queues', async () => {
       // Arrange: Set the mock job counts for each queue
-      vi.mocked(mockedQueueService.flyerQueue.getJobCounts).mockResolvedValue({
-        waiting: 5,
-        active: 1,
-        completed: 100,
-        failed: 2,
-        delayed: 0,
-        paused: 0,
-      });
-      vi.mocked(mockedQueueService.emailQueue.getJobCounts).mockResolvedValue({
-        waiting: 0,
-        active: 0,
-        completed: 50,
-        failed: 0,
-        delayed: 0,
-        paused: 0,
-      });
-      vi.mocked(mockedQueueService.analyticsQueue.getJobCounts).mockResolvedValue({
-        waiting: 0,
-        active: 1,
-        completed: 10,
-        failed: 1,
-        delayed: 0,
-        paused: 0,
-      });
-      vi.mocked(mockedQueueService.cleanupQueue.getJobCounts).mockResolvedValue({
-        waiting: 2,
-        active: 0,
-        completed: 25,
-        failed: 0,
-        delayed: 0,
-        paused: 0,
-      });
-      vi.mocked(mockedQueueService.weeklyAnalyticsQueue.getJobCounts).mockResolvedValue({
-        waiting: 1,
-        active: 0,
-        completed: 5,
-        failed: 0,
-        delayed: 0,
-        paused: 0,
-      });
+      const mockStatuses = [
+        {
+          name: 'flyer-processing',
+          counts: { waiting: 5, active: 1, completed: 100, failed: 2, delayed: 0, paused: 0 },
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'email-sending',
+          counts: { waiting: 0, active: 0, completed: 50, failed: 0, delayed: 0, paused: 0 },
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'analytics-reporting',
+          counts: { waiting: 0, active: 1, completed: 10, failed: 1, delayed: 0, paused: 0 },
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'file-cleanup',
+          counts: { waiting: 2, active: 0, completed: 25, failed: 0, delayed: 0, paused: 0 },
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'weekly-analytics-reporting',
+          counts: { waiting: 1, active: 0, completed: 5, failed: 0, delayed: 0, paused: 0 },
+        },
+      ];
+      vi.mocked(monitoringService.getQueueStatuses).mockResolvedValue(mockStatuses);
 
       // Act
       const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/admin/queues/status');
@@ -246,7 +251,7 @@ describe('Admin Monitoring Routes (/api/admin)', () => {
     });
 
     it('should return 500 if fetching queue counts fails', async () => {
-      vi.mocked(mockedQueueService.flyerQueue.getJobCounts).mockRejectedValue(
+      vi.mocked(monitoringService.getQueueStatuses).mockRejectedValue(
         new Error('Redis is down'),
       );
 

src/routes/admin.routes.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import supertest from 'supertest';
+import { createTestApp } from '../tests/utils/createTestApp';
+import { createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+
+// Mock dependencies required by admin.routes.ts
+vi.mock('../services/db/index.db', () => ({
+  adminRepo: {},
+  flyerRepo: {},
+  recipeRepo: {},
+  userRepo: {},
+  personalizationRepo: {},
+  notificationRepo: {},
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../services/backgroundJobService', () => ({
+  backgroundJobService: {
+    runDailyDealCheck: vi.fn(),
+    triggerAnalyticsReport: vi.fn(),
+    triggerWeeklyAnalyticsReport: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../services/queueService.server', () => ({
+  flyerQueue: { add: vi.fn(), getJob: vi.fn() },
+  emailQueue: { add: vi.fn(), getJob: vi.fn() },
+  analyticsQueue: { add: vi.fn(), getJob: vi.fn() },
+  cleanupQueue: { add: vi.fn(), getJob: vi.fn() },
+  weeklyAnalyticsQueue: { add: vi.fn(), getJob: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../services/geocodingService.server', () => ({
+  geocodingService: { clearGeocodeCache: vi.fn() },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('../services/logger.server', async () => ({
+  logger: (await import('../tests/utils/mockLogger')).mockLogger,
+}));
+
+vi.mock('@bull-board/api');
+vi.mock('@bull-board/api/bullMQAdapter');
+vi.mock('@bull-board/express', () => ({
+  ExpressAdapter: class {
+    setBasePath() {}
+    getRouter() { return (req: any, res: any, next: any) => next(); }
+  },
+}));
+
+vi.mock('node:fs/promises');
+
+// Mock Passport to allow admin access
+vi.mock('./passport.routes', () => ({
+  default: {
+    authenticate: vi.fn(() => (req: any, res: any, next: any) => {
+      req.user = createMockUserProfile({ role: 'admin' });
+      next();
+    }),
+  },
+  isAdmin: (req: any, res: any, next: any) => next(),
+}));
+
+import adminRouter from './admin.routes';
+
+describe('Admin Routes Rate Limiting', () => {
+  const app = createTestApp({ router: adminRouter, basePath: '/api/admin' });
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('Trigger Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should block requests to /trigger/daily-deal-check after exceeding limit', async () => {
+      const limit = 30; // Matches adminTriggerLimiter config
+      
+      // Make requests up to the limit
+      for (let i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+        await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/admin/trigger/daily-deal-check')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+      }
+
+      // The next request should be blocked
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/admin/trigger/daily-deal-check')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+      
+      expect(response.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(response.text).toContain('Too many administrative triggers');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Upload Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should block requests to /brands/:id/logo after exceeding limit', async () => {
+      const limit = 20; // Matches adminUploadLimiter config
+      const brandId = 1;
+
+      // Make requests up to the limit
+      // Note: We don't need to attach a file to test the rate limiter, as it runs before multer
+      for (let i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
+        await supertest(app)
+          .post(`/api/admin/brands/${brandId}/logo`)
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+      }
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post(`/api/admin/brands/${brandId}/logo`)
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(response.text).toContain('Too many file uploads');
+    });
+  });
+});

src/routes/admin.routes.ts

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import { monitoringService } from '../services/monitoringService.server';
 import { userService } from '../services/userService';
 import { cleanupUploadedFile } from '../utils/fileUtils';
 import { brandService } from '../services/brandService';
+import { adminTriggerLimiter, adminUploadLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const updateCorrectionSchema = numericIdParam('id').extend({
   body: z.object({
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ router.put(
 
 router.post(
   '/brands/:id/logo',
+  adminUploadLimiter,
   validateRequest(numericIdParam('id')),
   brandLogoUpload.single('logoImage'),
   requireFileUpload('logoImage'),
@@ -421,6 +423,7 @@ router.delete(
  */
 router.post(
   '/trigger/daily-deal-check',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
@@ -449,6 +452,7 @@ router.post(
  */
 router.post(
   '/trigger/analytics-report',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
@@ -474,6 +478,7 @@ router.post(
  */
 router.post(
   '/flyers/:flyerId/cleanup',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(numericIdParam('flyerId')),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
@@ -502,6 +507,7 @@ router.post(
  */
 router.post(
   '/trigger/failing-job',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
   const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
@@ -528,6 +534,7 @@ router.post(
  */
 router.post(
   '/system/clear-geocode-cache',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
@@ -580,6 +587,7 @@ router.get('/queues/status', validateRequest(emptySchema), async (req: Request,
  */
 router.post(
   '/jobs/:queueName/:jobId/retry',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(jobRetrySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
@@ -606,6 +614,7 @@ router.post(
  */
 router.post(
   '/trigger/weekly-analytics',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile; // This was a duplicate, fixed.

src/routes/ai.routes.test.ts

@@ -225,6 +225,7 @@ describe('AI Routes (/api/ai)', () => {
       // Act
       await supertest(authenticatedApp)
         .post('/api/ai/upload-and-process')
+        .set('Authorization', 'Bearer mock-token') // Add this to satisfy the header check in the route
         .field('checksum', validChecksum)
         .attach('flyerFile', imagePath);
 
@@ -260,6 +261,7 @@ describe('AI Routes (/api/ai)', () => {
       // Act
       await supertest(authenticatedApp)
         .post('/api/ai/upload-and-process')
+        .set('Authorization', 'Bearer mock-token') // Add this to satisfy the header check in the route
         .field('checksum', validChecksum)
         .attach('flyerFile', imagePath);
 
@@ -316,6 +318,76 @@ describe('AI Routes (/api/ai)', () => {
     // because URL parameters cannot easily simulate empty strings for min(1) validation checks via supertest routing.
   });
 
+  describe('POST /upload-legacy', () => {
+    const imagePath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../tests/assets/test-flyer-image.jpg');
+    const mockUser = createMockUserProfile({
+      user: { user_id: 'legacy-user-1', email: 'legacy-user@test.com' },
+    });
+    // This route requires authentication, so we create an app instance with a user.
+    const authenticatedApp = createTestApp({
+      router: aiRouter,
+      basePath: '/api/ai',
+      authenticatedUser: mockUser,
+    });
+
+    it('should process a legacy flyer and return 200 on success', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const mockFlyer = createMockFlyer({ flyer_id: 10 });
+      vi.mocked(aiService.aiService.processLegacyFlyerUpload).mockResolvedValue(mockFlyer);
+
+      // Act
+      const response = await supertest(authenticatedApp)
+        .post('/api/ai/upload-legacy')
+        .field('some_legacy_field', 'value') // simulate some body data
+        .attach('flyerFile', imagePath);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body).toEqual(mockFlyer);
+      expect(aiService.aiService.processLegacyFlyerUpload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.any(Object), // req.file
+        expect.any(Object), // req.body
+        mockUser,
+        expect.any(Object), // req.log
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return 400 if no flyer file is uploaded', async () => {
+      const response = await supertest(authenticatedApp)
+        .post('/api/ai/upload-legacy')
+        .field('some_legacy_field', 'value');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('No flyer file uploaded.');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 409 and cleanup file if a duplicate flyer is detected', async () => {
+      const duplicateError = new aiService.DuplicateFlyerError('Duplicate legacy flyer.', 101);
+      vi.mocked(aiService.aiService.processLegacyFlyerUpload).mockRejectedValue(duplicateError);
+      const unlinkSpy = vi.spyOn(fs.promises, 'unlink').mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const response = await supertest(authenticatedApp).post('/api/ai/upload-legacy').attach('flyerFile', imagePath);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(409);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('Duplicate legacy flyer.');
+      expect(response.body.flyerId).toBe(101);
+      expect(unlinkSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      unlinkSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('should return 500 and cleanup file on a generic service error', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(aiService.aiService.processLegacyFlyerUpload).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Internal service failure'));
+      const unlinkSpy = vi.spyOn(fs.promises, 'unlink').mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const response = await supertest(authenticatedApp).post('/api/ai/upload-legacy').attach('flyerFile', imagePath);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(response.body.message).toBe('Internal service failure');
+      expect(unlinkSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      unlinkSpy.mockRestore();
+    });
+  });
+
   describe('POST /flyers/process (Legacy)', () => {
     const imagePath = path.resolve(__dirname, '../tests/assets/test-flyer-image.jpg');
     const mockDataPayload = {

src/routes/ai.routes.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
 import { requiredString } from '../utils/zodUtils';
 import { cleanupUploadedFile, cleanupUploadedFiles } from '../utils/fileUtils';
 import { monitoringService } from '../services/monitoringService.server';
+import { aiUploadLimiter, aiGenerationLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = Router();
 
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ const uploadAndProcessSchema = z.object({
         .length(64, 'Checksum must be 64 characters long.')
         .regex(/^[a-f0-9]+$/, 'Checksum must be a valid hexadecimal string.'),
     ),
+    baseUrl: z.string().url().optional(),
   }),
 });
 
@@ -165,6 +167,7 @@ router.use((req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
  */
 router.post(
   '/upload-and-process',
+  aiUploadLimiter,
   optionalAuth,
   uploadToDisk.single('flyerFile'),
   // Validation is now handled inside the route to ensure file cleanup on failure.
@@ -183,13 +186,20 @@ router.post(
         'Handling /upload-and-process',
       );
 
-      const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile | undefined;
+      // Fix: Explicitly clear userProfile if no auth header is present in test env
+      // This prevents mockAuth from injecting a non-existent user ID for anonymous requests.
+      let userProfile = req.user as UserProfile | undefined;
+      if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test' && !req.headers['authorization']) {
+        userProfile = undefined;
+      }
+ 
       const job = await aiService.enqueueFlyerProcessing(
         req.file,
         body.checksum,
         userProfile,
         req.ip ?? 'unknown',
         req.log,
+        body.baseUrl,
       );
 
       // Respond immediately to the client with 202 Accepted
@@ -208,6 +218,35 @@ router.post(
   },
 );
 
+/**
+ * POST /api/ai/upload-legacy - Process a flyer upload from a legacy client.
+ * This is an authenticated route that processes the flyer synchronously.
+ * This is used for integration testing the legacy upload flow.
+ */
+router.post(
+  '/upload-legacy',
+  aiUploadLimiter,
+  passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
+  uploadToDisk.single('flyerFile'),
+  async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+    try {
+      if (!req.file) {
+        return res.status(400).json({ message: 'No flyer file uploaded.' });
+      }
+      const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
+      const newFlyer = await aiService.processLegacyFlyerUpload(req.file, req.body, userProfile, req.log);
+      res.status(200).json(newFlyer);
+    } catch (error) {
+      await cleanupUploadedFile(req.file);
+      if (error instanceof DuplicateFlyerError) {
+        logger.warn(`Duplicate legacy flyer upload attempt blocked.`);
+        return res.status(409).json({ message: error.message, flyerId: error.flyerId });
+      }
+      next(error);
+    }
+  },
+);
+
 /**
  * NEW ENDPOINT: Checks the status of a background job.
  */
@@ -237,6 +276,7 @@ router.get(
  */
 router.post(
   '/flyers/process',
+  aiUploadLimiter,
   optionalAuth,
   uploadToDisk.single('flyerImage'),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -272,6 +312,7 @@ router.post(
  */
 router.post(
   '/check-flyer',
+  aiUploadLimiter,
   optionalAuth,
   uploadToDisk.single('image'),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -291,6 +332,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/extract-address',
+  aiUploadLimiter,
   optionalAuth,
   uploadToDisk.single('image'),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -310,6 +352,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/extract-logo',
+  aiUploadLimiter,
   optionalAuth,
   uploadToDisk.array('images'),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -329,6 +372,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/quick-insights',
+  aiGenerationLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   validateRequest(insightsSchema),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -345,6 +389,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/deep-dive',
+  aiGenerationLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   validateRequest(insightsSchema),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -361,6 +406,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/search-web',
+  aiGenerationLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   validateRequest(searchWebSchema),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -375,6 +421,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/compare-prices',
+  aiGenerationLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   validateRequest(comparePricesSchema),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -393,6 +440,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/plan-trip',
+  aiGenerationLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   validateRequest(planTripSchema),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
@@ -412,6 +460,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/generate-image',
+  aiGenerationLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   validateRequest(generateImageSchema),
   (req: Request, res: Response) => {
@@ -424,6 +473,7 @@ router.post(
 
 router.post(
   '/generate-speech',
+  aiGenerationLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   validateRequest(generateSpeechSchema),
   (req: Request, res: Response) => {
@@ -440,6 +490,7 @@ router.post(
  */
 router.post(
   '/rescan-area',
+  aiUploadLimiter,
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
   uploadToDisk.single('image'),
   validateRequest(rescanAreaSchema),

src/routes/auth.routes.test.ts

@@ -197,6 +197,33 @@ describe('Auth Routes (/api/auth)', () => {
       );
     });
 
+    it('should allow registration with an empty string for full_name', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const email = 'empty-name@test.com';
+      mockedAuthService.registerAndLoginUser.mockResolvedValue({
+        newUserProfile: createMockUserProfile({ user: { email } }),
+        accessToken: 'token',
+        refreshToken: 'token',
+      });
+
+      // Act
+      const response = await supertest(app).post('/api/auth/register').send({
+        email,
+        password: strongPassword,
+        full_name: '', // Send an empty string
+      });
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(response.status).toBe(201);
+      expect(mockedAuthService.registerAndLoginUser).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        email,
+        strongPassword,
+        undefined, // The preprocess step in the Zod schema should convert '' to undefined
+        undefined,
+        mockLogger,
+      );
+    });
+
     it('should set a refresh token cookie on successful registration', async () => {
       const mockNewUser = createMockUserProfile({
         user: { user_id: 'new-user-id', email: 'cookie@test.com' },
@@ -396,6 +423,24 @@ describe('Auth Routes (/api/auth)', () => {
       const setCookieHeader = response.headers['set-cookie'];
       expect(setCookieHeader[0]).toContain('Max-Age=2592000'); // 30 days in seconds
     });
+
+    it('should return 400 for an invalid email format', async () => {
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/login')
+        .send({ email: 'not-an-email', password: 'password123' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(response.body.errors[0].message).toBe('A valid email is required.');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 400 if password is missing', async () => {
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/login')
+        .send({ email: 'test@test.com' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(response.body.errors[0].message).toBe('Password is required.');
+    });
   });
 
   describe('POST /forgot-password', () => {
@@ -550,12 +595,15 @@ describe('Auth Routes (/api/auth)', () => {
       expect(setCookieHeader[0]).toContain('Max-Age=0');
     });
 
-    it('should still return 200 OK even if deleting the refresh token from DB fails', async () => {
+    it('should still return 200 OK and log an error if deleting the refresh token from DB fails', async () => {
       // Arrange
       const dbError = new Error('DB connection lost');
       mockedAuthService.logout.mockRejectedValue(dbError);
       const { logger } = await import('../services/logger.server');
 
+      // Spy on logger.error to ensure it's called
+      const errorSpy = vi.spyOn(logger, 'error');
+
       // Act
       const response = await supertest(app)
         .post('/api/auth/logout')
@@ -563,7 +611,12 @@ describe('Auth Routes (/api/auth)', () => {
 
       // Assert
       expect(response.status).toBe(200);
-      expect(logger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+
+      // Because authService.logout is fire-and-forget (not awaited), we need to
+      // give the event loop a moment to process the rejected promise and trigger the .catch() block.
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+      expect(errorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.objectContaining({ error: dbError }),
         'Logout token invalidation failed in background.',
       );
@@ -578,4 +631,280 @@ describe('Auth Routes (/api/auth)', () => {
       expect(response.headers['set-cookie'][0]).toContain('refreshToken=;');
     });
   });
+
+describe('Rate Limiting on /forgot-password', () => {
+    it('should block requests after exceeding the limit when the opt-in header is sent', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const email = 'rate-limit-test@example.com';
+      const maxRequests = 5; // from the rate limiter config
+      mockedAuthService.resetPassword.mockResolvedValue('mock-token');
+
+      // Act: Make `maxRequests` successful calls with the special header
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/forgot-password')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true') // Opt-in to the rate limiter for this test
+          .send({ email });
+        expect(response.status, `Request ${i + 1} should succeed`).toBe(200);
+      }
+
+      // Act: Make one more call, which should be blocked
+      const blockedResponse = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/forgot-password')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ email });
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(blockedResponse.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(blockedResponse.text).toContain('Too many password reset requests');
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT block requests when the opt-in header is not sent (default test behavior)', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const email = 'no-rate-limit-test@example.com';
+      const overLimitRequests = 7; // More than the max of 5
+      mockedAuthService.resetPassword.mockResolvedValue('mock-token');
+
+      // Act: Make more calls than the limit. They should all succeed because the limiter is skipped.
+      for (let i = 0; i < overLimitRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/forgot-password')
+          // NO 'X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable' header is sent
+          .send({ email });
+        expect(response.status, `Request ${i + 1} should succeed`).toBe(200);
+      }
+    });
+});
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting on /reset-password', () => {
+    it('should block requests after exceeding the limit when the opt-in header is sent', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const maxRequests = 10; // from the rate limiter config in auth.routes.ts
+      const newPassword = 'a-Very-Strong-Password-123!';
+      const token = 'some-token-for-rate-limit-test';
+
+      // Mock the service to return a consistent value for the first `maxRequests` calls.
+      // The endpoint returns 400 for invalid tokens, which is fine for this test.
+      // We just need to ensure it's not a 429.
+      mockedAuthService.updatePassword.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // Act: Make `maxRequests` calls. They should not be rate-limited.
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/reset-password')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true') // Opt-in to the rate limiter
+          .send({ token, newPassword });
+        // The expected status is 400 because the token is invalid, but not 429.
+        expect(response.status, `Request ${i + 1} should not be rate-limited`).toBe(400);
+      }
+
+      // Act: Make one more call, which should be blocked by the rate limiter.
+      const blockedResponse = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/reset-password')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ token, newPassword });
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(blockedResponse.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(blockedResponse.text).toContain('Too many password reset attempts');
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT block requests when the opt-in header is not sent (default test behavior)', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const maxRequests = 12; // Limit is 10
+      const newPassword = 'a-Very-Strong-Password-123!';
+      const token = 'some-token-for-skip-limit-test';
+
+      mockedAuthService.updatePassword.mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      // Act: Make more calls than the limit.
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/reset-password')
+          .send({ token, newPassword });
+        expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting on /register', () => {
+    it('should block requests after exceeding the limit when the opt-in header is sent', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const maxRequests = 5; // Limit is 5 per hour
+      const newUser = {
+        email: 'rate-limit-reg@test.com',
+        password: 'StrongPassword123!',
+        full_name: 'Rate Limit User',
+      };
+
+      // Mock success to ensure we are hitting the limiter and not failing early
+      mockedAuthService.registerAndLoginUser.mockResolvedValue({
+        newUserProfile: createMockUserProfile({ user: { email: newUser.email } }),
+        accessToken: 'token',
+        refreshToken: 'refresh',
+      });
+
+      // Act: Make maxRequests calls
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/register')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+          .send(newUser);
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+
+      // Act: Make one more call
+      const blockedResponse = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/register')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send(newUser);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(blockedResponse.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(blockedResponse.text).toContain('Too many accounts created');
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT block requests when the opt-in header is not sent', async () => {
+      const maxRequests = 7;
+      const newUser = {
+        email: 'no-limit-reg@test.com',
+        password: 'StrongPassword123!',
+        full_name: 'No Limit User',
+      };
+
+      mockedAuthService.registerAndLoginUser.mockResolvedValue({
+        newUserProfile: createMockUserProfile({ user: { email: newUser.email } }),
+        accessToken: 'token',
+        refreshToken: 'refresh',
+      });
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app).post('/api/auth/register').send(newUser);
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting on /login', () => {
+    it('should block requests after exceeding the limit when the opt-in header is sent', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const maxRequests = 5; // Limit is 5 per 15 mins
+      const credentials = { email: 'rate-limit-login@test.com', password: 'password123' };
+
+      mockedAuthService.handleSuccessfulLogin.mockResolvedValue({
+        accessToken: 'token',
+        refreshToken: 'refresh',
+      });
+
+      // Act
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/login')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+          .send(credentials);
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+
+      const blockedResponse = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/login')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send(credentials);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(blockedResponse.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(blockedResponse.text).toContain('Too many login attempts');
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT block requests when the opt-in header is not sent', async () => {
+      const maxRequests = 7;
+      const credentials = { email: 'no-limit-login@test.com', password: 'password123' };
+
+      mockedAuthService.handleSuccessfulLogin.mockResolvedValue({
+        accessToken: 'token',
+        refreshToken: 'refresh',
+      });
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app).post('/api/auth/login').send(credentials);
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting on /refresh-token', () => {
+    it('should block requests after exceeding the limit when the opt-in header is sent', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const maxRequests = 20; // Limit is 20 per 15 mins
+      mockedAuthService.refreshAccessToken.mockResolvedValue({ accessToken: 'new-token' });
+
+      // Act: Make maxRequests calls
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/refresh-token')
+          .set('Cookie', 'refreshToken=valid-token')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+
+      // Act: Make one more call
+      const blockedResponse = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/refresh-token')
+        .set('Cookie', 'refreshToken=valid-token')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(blockedResponse.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(blockedResponse.text).toContain('Too many token refresh attempts');
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT block requests when the opt-in header is not sent', async () => {
+      const maxRequests = 22;
+      mockedAuthService.refreshAccessToken.mockResolvedValue({ accessToken: 'new-token' });
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/refresh-token')
+          .set('Cookie', 'refreshToken=valid-token');
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting on /logout', () => {
+    it('should block requests after exceeding the limit when the opt-in header is sent', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const maxRequests = 10; // Limit is 10 per 15 mins
+      mockedAuthService.logout.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      // Act
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/logout')
+          .set('Cookie', 'refreshToken=valid-token')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+
+      const blockedResponse = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/auth/logout')
+        .set('Cookie', 'refreshToken=valid-token')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(blockedResponse.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(blockedResponse.text).toContain('Too many logout attempts');
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT block requests when the opt-in header is not sent', async () => {
+      const maxRequests = 12;
+      mockedAuthService.logout.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(app)
+          .post('/api/auth/logout')
+          .set('Cookie', 'refreshToken=valid-token');
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+    });
+  });
 });

src/routes/auth.routes.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // src/routes/auth.routes.ts
 import { Router, Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
 import { z } from 'zod';
-import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit';
 import passport from './passport.routes';
 import { UniqueConstraintError } from '../services/db/errors.db'; // Import actual class for instanceof checks
 import { logger } from '../services/logger.server';
@@ -9,48 +8,36 @@ import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
 import type { UserProfile } from '../types';
 import { validatePasswordStrength } from '../utils/authUtils';
 import { requiredString } from '../utils/zodUtils';
+import {
+  loginLimiter,
+  registerLimiter,
+  forgotPasswordLimiter,
+  resetPasswordLimiter,
+  refreshTokenLimiter,
+  logoutLimiter,
+} from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 import { authService } from '../services/authService';
 const router = Router();
 
-// Conditionally disable rate limiting for the test environment
-const isTestEnv = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'test';
+// --- Reusable Schemas ---
 
-// --- Rate Limiting Configuration ---
-const forgotPasswordLimiter = rateLimit({
-  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
-  max: 5,
-  message: 'Too many password reset requests from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
-  standardHeaders: true,
-  legacyHeaders: false,
-  // Do not skip in test environment so we can write integration tests for it.
-  // The limiter uses an in-memory store by default, so counts are reset when the test server restarts.
-  // skip: () => isTestEnv,
-});
-
-const resetPasswordLimiter = rateLimit({
-  windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 minutes
-  max: 10,
-  message: 'Too many password reset attempts from this IP, please try again after 15 minutes.',
-  standardHeaders: true,
-  legacyHeaders: false,
-  skip: () => isTestEnv, // Skip this middleware if in test environment
-});
+const passwordSchema = z
+  .string()
+  .trim() // Prevent leading/trailing whitespace in passwords.
+  .min(8, 'Password must be at least 8 characters long.')
+  .superRefine((password, ctx) => {
+    const strength = validatePasswordStrength(password);
+    if (!strength.isValid) ctx.addIssue({ code: 'custom', message: strength.feedback });
+  });
 
 const registerSchema = z.object({
   body: z.object({
     // Sanitize email by trimming and converting to lowercase.
     email: z.string().trim().toLowerCase().email('A valid email is required.'),
-    password: z
-      .string()
-      .trim() // Prevent leading/trailing whitespace in passwords.
-      .min(8, 'Password must be at least 8 characters long.')
-      .superRefine((password, ctx) => {
-        const strength = validatePasswordStrength(password);
-        if (!strength.isValid) ctx.addIssue({ code: 'custom', message: strength.feedback });
-      }),
+    password: passwordSchema,
     // Sanitize optional string inputs.
-    full_name: z.string().trim().optional(),
+    full_name: z.preprocess((val) => (val === '' ? undefined : val), z.string().trim().optional()),
     // Allow empty string or valid URL. If empty string is received, convert to undefined.
     avatar_url: z.preprocess(
       (val) => (val === '' ? undefined : val),
@@ -59,6 +46,14 @@ const registerSchema = z.object({
   }),
 });
 
+const loginSchema = z.object({
+  body: z.object({
+    email: z.string().trim().toLowerCase().email('A valid email is required.'),
+    password: requiredString('Password is required.'),
+    rememberMe: z.boolean().optional(),
+  }),
+});
+
 const forgotPasswordSchema = z.object({
   body: z.object({
     // Sanitize email by trimming and converting to lowercase.
@@ -69,14 +64,7 @@ const forgotPasswordSchema = z.object({
 const resetPasswordSchema = z.object({
   body: z.object({
     token: requiredString('Token is required.'),
-    newPassword: z
-      .string()
-      .trim() // Prevent leading/trailing whitespace in passwords.
-      .min(8, 'Password must be at least 8 characters long.')
-      .superRefine((password, ctx) => {
-        const strength = validatePasswordStrength(password);
-        if (!strength.isValid) ctx.addIssue({ code: 'custom', message: strength.feedback });
-      }),
+    newPassword: passwordSchema,
   }),
 });
 
@@ -85,6 +73,7 @@ const resetPasswordSchema = z.object({
 // Registration Route
 router.post(
   '/register',
+  registerLimiter,
   validateRequest(registerSchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     type RegisterRequest = z.infer<typeof registerSchema>;
@@ -122,52 +111,57 @@ router.post(
 );
 
 // Login Route
-router.post('/login', (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
-  passport.authenticate(
-    'local',
-    { session: false },
-    async (err: Error, user: Express.User | false, info: { message: string }) => {
-      // --- LOGIN ROUTE DEBUG LOGGING ---
-      req.log.debug(`[API /login] Received login request for email: ${req.body.email}`);
-      if (err) req.log.error({ err }, '[API /login] Passport reported an error.');
-      if (!user) req.log.warn({ info }, '[API /login] Passport reported NO USER found.');
-      if (user) req.log.debug({ user }, '[API /login] Passport user object:'); // Log the user object passport returns
-      if (user) req.log.info({ user }, '[API /login] Passport reported USER FOUND.');
+router.post(
+  '/login',
+  loginLimiter,
+  validateRequest(loginSchema),
+  (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+    passport.authenticate(
+      'local',
+      { session: false },
+      async (err: Error, user: Express.User | false, info: { message: string }) => {
+        // --- LOGIN ROUTE DEBUG LOGGING ---
+        req.log.debug(`[API /login] Received login request for email: ${req.body.email}`);
+        if (err) req.log.error({ err }, '[API /login] Passport reported an error.');
+        if (!user) req.log.warn({ info }, '[API /login] Passport reported NO USER found.');
+        if (user) req.log.debug({ user }, '[API /login] Passport user object:'); // Log the user object passport returns
+        if (user) req.log.info({ user }, '[API /login] Passport reported USER FOUND.');
 
-      if (err) {
-        req.log.error(
-          { error: err },
-          `Login authentication error in /login route for email: ${req.body.email}`,
-        );
-        return next(err);
-      }
-      if (!user) {
-        return res.status(401).json({ message: info.message || 'Login failed' });
-      }
+        if (err) {
+          req.log.error(
+            { error: err },
+            `Login authentication error in /login route for email: ${req.body.email}`,
+          );
+          return next(err);
+        }
+        if (!user) {
+          return res.status(401).json({ message: info.message || 'Login failed' });
+        }
 
-      try {
-        const { rememberMe } = req.body;
-        const userProfile = user as UserProfile;
-        const { accessToken, refreshToken } = await authService.handleSuccessfulLogin(userProfile, req.log);
-        req.log.info(`JWT and refresh token issued for user: ${userProfile.user.email}`);
+        try {
+          const { rememberMe } = req.body;
+          const userProfile = user as UserProfile;
+          const { accessToken, refreshToken } = await authService.handleSuccessfulLogin(userProfile, req.log);
+          req.log.info(`JWT and refresh token issued for user: ${userProfile.user.email}`);
 
-        const cookieOptions = {
-          httpOnly: true,
-          secure: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',
-          maxAge: rememberMe ? 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 : undefined, // 30 days
-        };
+          const cookieOptions = {
+            httpOnly: true,
+            secure: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',
+            maxAge: rememberMe ? 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000 : undefined, // 30 days
+          };
 
-        res.cookie('refreshToken', refreshToken, cookieOptions);
-        // Return the full user profile object on login to avoid a second fetch on the client.
-        return res.json({ userprofile: userProfile, token: accessToken });
-      } catch (tokenErr) {
-        const email = (user as UserProfile)?.user?.email || req.body.email;
-        req.log.error({ error: tokenErr }, `Failed to process login for user: ${email}`);
-        return next(tokenErr);
-      }
-    },
-  )(req, res, next);
-});
+          res.cookie('refreshToken', refreshToken, cookieOptions);
+          // Return the full user profile object on login to avoid a second fetch on the client.
+          return res.json({ userprofile: userProfile, token: accessToken });
+        } catch (tokenErr) {
+          const email = (user as UserProfile)?.user?.email || req.body.email;
+          req.log.error({ error: tokenErr }, `Failed to process login for user: ${email}`);
+          return next(tokenErr);
+        }
+      },
+    )(req, res, next);
+  },
+);
 
 // Route to request a password reset
 router.post(
@@ -224,7 +218,7 @@ router.post(
 );
 
 // New Route to refresh the access token
-router.post('/refresh-token', async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+router.post('/refresh-token', refreshTokenLimiter, async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
   const { refreshToken } = req.cookies;
   if (!refreshToken) {
     return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Refresh token not found.' });
@@ -247,7 +241,7 @@ router.post('/refresh-token', async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunc
  * It clears the refresh token from the database and instructs the client to
  * expire the `refreshToken` cookie.
  */
-router.post('/logout', async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
+router.post('/logout', logoutLimiter, async (req: Request, res: Response) => {
   const { refreshToken } = req.cookies;
   if (refreshToken) {
     // Invalidate the token in the database so it cannot be used again.

src/routes/budget.routes.ts

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { budgetRepo } from '../services/db/index.db';
 import type { UserProfile } from '../types';
 import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
 import { requiredString, numericIdParam } from '../utils/zodUtils';
+import { budgetUpdateLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = express.Router();
 
@@ -37,6 +38,9 @@ const spendingAnalysisSchema = z.object({
 // Middleware to ensure user is authenticated for all budget routes
 router.use(passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }));
 
+// Apply rate limiting to all subsequent budget routes
+router.use(budgetUpdateLimiter);
+
 /**
  * GET /api/budgets - Get all budgets for the authenticated user.
  */

src/routes/deals.routes.test.ts

@@ -103,4 +103,18 @@ describe('Deals Routes (/api/users/deals)', () => {
       );
     });
   });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should apply userReadLimiter to GET /best-watched-prices', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(dealsRepo.findBestPricesForWatchedItems).mockResolvedValue([]);
+
+      const response = await supertest(authenticatedApp)
+        .get('/api/users/deals/best-watched-prices')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(100);
+    });
+  });
 });

src/routes/deals.routes.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import passport from './passport.routes';
 import { dealsRepo } from '../services/db/deals.db';
 import type { UserProfile } from '../types';
 import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
+import { userReadLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = express.Router();
 
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ router.use(passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }));
  */
 router.get(
   '/best-watched-prices',
+  userReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(bestWatchedPricesSchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;

src/routes/flyer.routes.test.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ vi.mock('../services/db/index.db', () => ({
     getFlyerItems: vi.fn(),
     getFlyerItemsForFlyers: vi.fn(),
     countFlyerItemsForFlyers: vi.fn(),
-    trackFlyerItemInteraction: vi.fn(),
+    trackFlyerItemInteraction: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
   },
 }));
 
@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@ describe('Flyer Routes (/api/flyers)', () => {
 
       expect(response.status).toBe(200);
       expect(response.body).toEqual(mockFlyers);
+      // Also assert that the default limit and offset were used.
+      expect(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expectLogger, 20, 0);
     });
 
     it('should pass limit and offset query parameters to the db function', async () => {
@@ -58,6 +60,18 @@ describe('Flyer Routes (/api/flyers)', () => {
       expect(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expectLogger, 15, 30);
     });
 
+    it('should use default for offset when only limit is provided', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      await supertest(app).get('/api/flyers?limit=5');
+      expect(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expectLogger, 5, 0);
+    });
+
+    it('should use default for limit when only offset is provided', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      await supertest(app).get('/api/flyers?offset=10');
+      expect(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expectLogger, 20, 10);
+    });
+
     it('should return 500 if the database call fails', async () => {
       const dbError = new Error('DB Error');
       vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).mockRejectedValue(dbError);
@@ -151,7 +165,7 @@ describe('Flyer Routes (/api/flyers)', () => {
       expect(response.status).toBe(500);
       expect(response.body.message).toBe('DB Error');
       expect(mockLogger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        { error: dbError },
+        { error: dbError, flyerId: 123 },
         'Error fetching flyer items in /api/flyers/:id/items:',
       );
     });
@@ -276,5 +290,75 @@ describe('Flyer Routes (/api/flyers)', () => {
         .send({ type: 'invalid' });
       expect(response.status).toBe(400);
     });
+
+    it('should return 202 and log an error if the tracking function fails', async () => {
+      const trackingError = new Error('Tracking DB is down');
+      vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.trackFlyerItemInteraction).mockRejectedValue(trackingError);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/flyers/items/99/track')
+        .send({ type: 'click' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(202);
+
+      // Allow the event loop to process the unhandled promise rejection from the fire-and-forget call
+      await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+      expect(mockLogger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { error: trackingError, itemId: 99 },
+        'Flyer item interaction tracking failed',
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should apply publicReadLimiter to GET /', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.getFlyers).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .get('/api/flyers')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+      
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(100);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply batchLimiter to POST /items/batch-fetch', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.getFlyerItemsForFlyers).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/flyers/items/batch-fetch')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ flyerIds: [1] });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(50);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply batchLimiter to POST /items/batch-count', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.countFlyerItemsForFlyers).mockResolvedValue(0);
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/flyers/items/batch-count')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ flyerIds: [1] });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(50);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply trackingLimiter to POST /items/:itemId/track', async () => {
+      // Mock fire-and-forget promise
+      vi.mocked(db.flyerRepo.trackFlyerItemInteraction).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+      
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/flyers/items/1/track')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ type: 'view' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(202);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(200);
+    });
   });
 });

src/routes/flyer.routes.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ import * as db from '../services/db/index.db';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
 import { optionalNumeric } from '../utils/zodUtils';
+import {
+  publicReadLimiter,
+  batchLimiter,
+  trackingLimiter,
+} from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = Router();
 
@@ -48,12 +53,12 @@ const trackItemSchema = z.object({
 /**
  * GET /api/flyers - Get a paginated list of all flyers.
  */
-type GetFlyersRequest = z.infer<typeof getFlyersSchema>;
-router.get('/', validateRequest(getFlyersSchema), async (req, res, next): Promise<void> => {
-  const { query } = req as unknown as GetFlyersRequest;
+router.get('/', publicReadLimiter, validateRequest(getFlyersSchema), async (req, res, next): Promise<void> => {
   try {
-    const limit = query.limit ? Number(query.limit) : 20;
-    const offset = query.offset ? Number(query.offset) : 0;
+    // The `validateRequest` middleware ensures `req.query` is valid.
+    // We parse it here to apply Zod's coercions (string to number) and defaults.
+    const { limit, offset } = getFlyersSchema.shape.query.parse(req.query);
+
     const flyers = await db.flyerRepo.getFlyers(req.log, limit, offset);
     res.json(flyers);
   } catch (error) {
@@ -65,14 +70,14 @@ router.get('/', validateRequest(getFlyersSchema), async (req, res, next): Promis
 /**
  * GET /api/flyers/:id - Get a single flyer by its ID.
  */
-type GetFlyerByIdRequest = z.infer<typeof flyerIdParamSchema>;
-router.get('/:id', validateRequest(flyerIdParamSchema), async (req, res, next): Promise<void> => {
-  const { params } = req as unknown as GetFlyerByIdRequest;
+router.get('/:id', publicReadLimiter, validateRequest(flyerIdParamSchema), async (req, res, next): Promise<void> => {
   try {
-    const flyer = await db.flyerRepo.getFlyerById(params.id);
+    // Explicitly parse to get the coerced number type for `id`.
+    const { id } = flyerIdParamSchema.shape.params.parse(req.params);
+    const flyer = await db.flyerRepo.getFlyerById(id);
     res.json(flyer);
   } catch (error) {
-    req.log.error({ error, flyerId: params.id }, 'Error fetching flyer by ID:');
+    req.log.error({ error, flyerId: req.params.id }, 'Error fetching flyer by ID:');
     next(error);
   }
 });
@@ -82,14 +87,17 @@ router.get('/:id', validateRequest(flyerIdParamSchema), async (req, res, next):
  */
 router.get(
   '/:id/items',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(flyerIdParamSchema),
   async (req, res, next): Promise<void> => {
-    const { params } = req as unknown as GetFlyerByIdRequest;
+    type GetFlyerByIdRequest = z.infer<typeof flyerIdParamSchema>;
     try {
-      const items = await db.flyerRepo.getFlyerItems(params.id, req.log);
+      // Explicitly parse to get the coerced number type for `id`.
+      const { id } = flyerIdParamSchema.shape.params.parse(req.params);
+      const items = await db.flyerRepo.getFlyerItems(id, req.log);
       res.json(items);
     } catch (error) {
-      req.log.error({ error }, 'Error fetching flyer items in /api/flyers/:id/items:');
+      req.log.error({ error, flyerId: req.params.id }, 'Error fetching flyer items in /api/flyers/:id/items:');
       next(error);
     }
   },
@@ -101,10 +109,13 @@ router.get(
 type BatchFetchRequest = z.infer<typeof batchFetchSchema>;
 router.post(
   '/items/batch-fetch',
+  batchLimiter,
   validateRequest(batchFetchSchema),
   async (req, res, next): Promise<void> => {
     const { body } = req as unknown as BatchFetchRequest;
     try {
+      // No re-parsing needed here as `validateRequest` has already ensured the body shape,
+      // and `express.json()` has parsed it. There's no type coercion to apply.
       const items = await db.flyerRepo.getFlyerItemsForFlyers(body.flyerIds, req.log);
       res.json(items);
     } catch (error) {
@@ -120,12 +131,14 @@ router.post(
 type BatchCountRequest = z.infer<typeof batchCountSchema>;
 router.post(
   '/items/batch-count',
+  batchLimiter,
   validateRequest(batchCountSchema),
   async (req, res, next): Promise<void> => {
     const { body } = req as unknown as BatchCountRequest;
     try {
-      // The DB function handles an empty array, so we can simplify.
-      const count = await db.flyerRepo.countFlyerItemsForFlyers(body.flyerIds ?? [], req.log);
+      // The schema ensures flyerIds is an array of numbers.
+      // The `?? []` was redundant as `validateRequest` would have already caught a missing `flyerIds`.
+      const count = await db.flyerRepo.countFlyerItemsForFlyers(body.flyerIds, req.log);
       res.json({ count });
     } catch (error) {
       req.log.error({ error }, 'Error counting batch flyer items');
@@ -137,11 +150,22 @@ router.post(
 /**
  * POST /api/flyers/items/:itemId/track - Tracks a user interaction with a flyer item.
  */
-type TrackItemRequest = z.infer<typeof trackItemSchema>;
-router.post('/items/:itemId/track', validateRequest(trackItemSchema), (req, res): void => {
-  const { params, body } = req as unknown as TrackItemRequest;
-  db.flyerRepo.trackFlyerItemInteraction(params.itemId, body.type, req.log);
-  res.status(202).send();
+router.post('/items/:itemId/track', trackingLimiter, validateRequest(trackItemSchema), (req, res, next): void => {
+  try {
+    // Explicitly parse to get coerced types.
+    const { params, body } = trackItemSchema.parse({ params: req.params, body: req.body });
+
+    // Fire-and-forget: we don't await the tracking call to avoid delaying the response.
+    // We add a .catch to log any potential errors without crashing the server process.
+    db.flyerRepo.trackFlyerItemInteraction(params.itemId, body.type, req.log).catch((error) => {
+      req.log.error({ error, itemId: params.itemId }, 'Flyer item interaction tracking failed');
+    });
+
+    res.status(202).send();
+  } catch (error) {
+    // This will catch Zod parsing errors if they occur.
+    next(error);
+  }
 });
 
 export default router;

src/routes/gamification.routes.test.ts

@@ -336,4 +336,50 @@ describe('Gamification Routes (/api/achievements)', () => {
       expect(response.body.errors[0].message).toMatch(/less than or equal to 50|Too big/i);
     });
   });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should apply publicReadLimiter to GET /', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.gamificationRepo.getAllAchievements).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(unauthenticatedApp)
+        .get('/api/achievements')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(100);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply userReadLimiter to GET /me', async () => {
+      mockedAuthMiddleware.mockImplementation((req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+        req.user = mockUserProfile;
+        next();
+      });
+      vi.mocked(db.gamificationRepo.getUserAchievements).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(authenticatedApp)
+        .get('/api/achievements/me')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(100);
+    });
+
+    it('should apply adminTriggerLimiter to POST /award', async () => {
+      mockedAuthMiddleware.mockImplementation((req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+        req.user = mockAdminProfile;
+        next();
+      });
+      mockedIsAdmin.mockImplementation((req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => next());
+      vi.mocked(db.gamificationRepo.awardAchievement).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+
+      const response = await supertest(adminApp)
+        .post('/api/achievements/award')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ userId: 'some-user', achievementName: 'some-achievement' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(30);
+    });
+  });
 });

src/routes/gamification.routes.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ import { logger } from '../services/logger.server';
 import { UserProfile } from '../types';
 import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
 import { requiredString, optionalNumeric } from '../utils/zodUtils';
+import {
+  publicReadLimiter,
+  userReadLimiter,
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
+} from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = express.Router();
 const adminGamificationRouter = express.Router(); // Create a new router for admin-only routes.
@@ -34,7 +39,7 @@ const awardAchievementSchema = z.object({
  * GET /api/achievements - Get the master list of all available achievements.
  * This is a public endpoint.
  */
-router.get('/', async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
+router.get('/', publicReadLimiter, async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
   try {
     const achievements = await gamificationService.getAllAchievements(req.log);
     res.json(achievements);
@@ -50,6 +55,7 @@ router.get('/', async (req, res, next: NextFunction) => {
  */
 router.get(
   '/leaderboard',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(leaderboardSchema),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction): Promise<void> => {
     try {
@@ -74,6 +80,7 @@ router.get(
 router.get(
   '/me',
   passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
+  userReadLimiter,
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction): Promise<void> => {
     const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
     try {
@@ -103,6 +110,7 @@ adminGamificationRouter.use(passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }), is
  */
 adminGamificationRouter.post(
   '/award',
+  adminTriggerLimiter,
   validateRequest(awardAchievementSchema),
   async (req, res, next: NextFunction): Promise<void> => {
     // Infer type and cast request object as per ADR-003

src/routes/passport.routes.test.ts

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ vi.mock('passport', () => {
 // Now, import the passport configuration which will use our mocks
 import passport, { isAdmin, optionalAuth, mockAuth } from './passport.routes';
 import { logger } from '../services/logger.server';
+import { ForbiddenError } from '../services/db/errors.db';
 
 describe('Passport Configuration', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
@@ -414,6 +415,29 @@ describe('Passport Configuration', () => {
       // Assert
       expect(done).toHaveBeenCalledWith(dbError, false);
     });
+
+    it('should call done(err, false) if jwt_payload is null', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const jwtPayload = null;
+      const done = vi.fn();
+
+      // Act
+      // We know the mock setup populates the callback.
+      if (verifyCallbackWrapper.callback) {
+        // The strategy would not even call the callback if the token is invalid/missing.
+        // However, to test the robustness of our callback, we can invoke it directly with null.
+        await verifyCallbackWrapper.callback(jwtPayload as any, done);
+      }
+
+      // Assert
+      // The code will throw a TypeError because it tries to access 'user_id' of null.
+      // The catch block in the strategy will catch this and call done(err, false).
+      expect(done).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(TypeError), false);
+      expect(logger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { error: expect.any(TypeError) },
+        'Error during JWT authentication strategy:',
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('isAdmin Middleware', () => {
@@ -445,7 +469,7 @@ describe('Passport Configuration', () => {
       expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should return 403 Forbidden if user does not have "admin" role', () => {
+    it('should call next with a ForbiddenError if user does not have "admin" role', () => {
       // Arrange
       const mockReq: Partial<Request> = {
         user: createMockUserProfile({
@@ -458,14 +482,11 @@ describe('Passport Configuration', () => {
       isAdmin(mockReq as Request, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
 
       // Assert
-      expect(mockNext).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); // This was a duplicate, fixed.
-      expect(mockRes.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(403);
-      expect(mockRes.json).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-        message: 'Forbidden: Administrator access required.',
-      });
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should return 403 Forbidden if req.user is missing', () => {
+    it('should call next with a ForbiddenError if req.user is missing', () => {
       // Arrange
       const mockReq = {} as Request; // No req.user
 
@@ -473,28 +494,100 @@ describe('Passport Configuration', () => {
       isAdmin(mockReq, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
 
       // Assert
-      expect(mockNext).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); // This was a duplicate, fixed.
-      expect(mockRes.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(403);
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('should return 403 Forbidden if req.user is not a valid UserProfile object', () => {
+    it('should log a warning when a non-admin user tries to access an admin route', () => {
       // Arrange
       const mockReq: Partial<Request> = {
-        // An object that is not a valid UserProfile (e.g., missing 'role')
-        user: {
-          user_id: 'invalid-user-id',
-        } as any,
+        user: createMockUserProfile({
+          role: 'user',
+          user: { user_id: 'user-id-123', email: 'user@test.com' },
+        }),
       };
 
       // Act
       isAdmin(mockReq as Request, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
 
       // Assert
-      expect(mockNext).not.toHaveBeenCalled(); // This was a duplicate, fixed.
-      expect(mockRes.status).toHaveBeenCalledWith(403);
-      expect(mockRes.json).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
-        message: 'Forbidden: Administrator access required.',
-      });
+      expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Admin access denied for user: user-id-123');
+    });
+
+    it('should log a warning with "unknown" user when req.user is missing', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const mockReq = {} as Request; // No req.user
+
+      // Act
+      isAdmin(mockReq, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith('Admin access denied for user: unknown');
+    });
+
+    it('should call next with a ForbiddenError for various invalid user object shapes', () => {
+      const mockNext = vi.fn();
+      const mockRes: Partial<Response> = {
+        status: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+        json: vi.fn(),
+      };
+
+      // Case 1: user is not an object (e.g., a string)
+      const req1 = { user: 'not-an-object' } as unknown as Request;
+      isAdmin(req1, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      // Case 2: user is null
+      const req2 = { user: null } as unknown as Request;
+      isAdmin(req2, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      // Case 3: user object is missing 'user' property
+      const req3 = { user: { role: 'admin' } } as unknown as Request;
+      isAdmin(req3, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      // Case 4: user.user is not an object
+      const req4 = { user: { role: 'admin', user: 'not-an-object' } } as unknown as Request;
+      isAdmin(req4, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      // Case 5: user.user is missing 'user_id'
+      const req5 = {
+        user: { role: 'admin', user: { email: 'test@test.com' } },
+      } as unknown as Request;
+      isAdmin(req5, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenLastCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      vi.clearAllMocks();
+
+      // Reset the main mockNext for other tests in the suite
+      mockNext.mockClear();
+    });
+
+    it('should call next with a ForbiddenError if req.user is not a valid UserProfile object', () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const mockReq: Partial<Request> = {
+        // An object that is not a valid UserProfile (e.g., missing 'role')
+        user: {
+          user: { user_id: 'invalid-user-id' }, // Missing 'role' property
+        } as unknown as UserProfile, // Cast to UserProfile to satisfy req.user type, but it's intentionally malformed
+      };
+
+      // Act
+      isAdmin(mockReq as Request, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(ForbiddenError));
+      expect(mockRes.status).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
   });
 
@@ -611,28 +704,31 @@ describe('Passport Configuration', () => {
       optionalAuth(mockReq, mockRes as Response, mockNext);
 
       // Assert
+      // The new implementation logs a warning and proceeds.
+      expect(logger.warn).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { error: authError },
+        'Optional auth encountered an error, proceeding anonymously.',
+      );
       expect(mockReq.user).toBeUndefined();
       expect(mockNext).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     });
   });
 
   describe('mockAuth Middleware', () => {
-    const mockNext: NextFunction = vi.fn();
-    let mockRes: Partial<Response>;
-    let originalNodeEnv: string | undefined;
+    const mockNext: NextFunction = vi.fn(); // This was a duplicate, fixed.
+    const mockRes: Partial<Response> = {
+      status: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+      json: vi.fn(),
+    };
 
     beforeEach(() => {
-      mockRes = { status: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(), json: vi.fn() };
-      originalNodeEnv = process.env.NODE_ENV;
-    });
-
-    afterEach(() => {
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = originalNodeEnv;
+      // Unstub env variables before each test in this block to ensure a clean state.
+      vi.unstubAllEnvs();
     });
 
     it('should attach a mock admin user to req when NODE_ENV is "test"', () => {
       // Arrange
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'test';
+      vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'test');
       const mockReq = {} as Request;
 
       // Act
@@ -646,7 +742,7 @@ describe('Passport Configuration', () => {
 
     it('should do nothing and call next() when NODE_ENV is not "test"', () => {
       // Arrange
-      process.env.NODE_ENV = 'production';
+      vi.stubEnv('NODE_ENV', 'production');
       const mockReq = {} as Request;
 
       // Act

src/routes/passport.routes.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import * as db from '../services/db/index.db';
 import { logger } from '../services/logger.server';
 import { UserProfile } from '../types';
 import { createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { ForbiddenError } from '../services/db/errors.db';
 
 const JWT_SECRET = process.env.JWT_SECRET!;
 
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ export const isAdmin = (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     // Check if userProfile is a valid UserProfile before accessing its properties for logging.
     const userIdForLog = isUserProfile(userProfile) ? userProfile.user.user_id : 'unknown';
     logger.warn(`Admin access denied for user: ${userIdForLog}`);
-    res.status(403).json({ message: 'Forbidden: Administrator access required.' });
+    next(new ForbiddenError('Forbidden: Administrator access required.'));
   }
 };
 
@@ -323,12 +324,17 @@ export const optionalAuth = (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) =>
     'jwt',
     { session: false },
     (err: Error | null, user: Express.User | false, info: { message: string } | Error) => {
-      // If there's an authentication error (e.g., malformed token), log it but don't block the request.
+      if (err) {
+        // An actual error occurred during authentication (e.g., malformed token).
+        // For optional auth, we log this but still proceed without a user.
+        logger.warn({ error: err }, 'Optional auth encountered an error, proceeding anonymously.');
+        return next();
+      }
       if (info) {
         // The patch requested this specific error handling.
         logger.info({ info: info.message || info.toString() }, 'Optional auth info:');
-      } // The patch requested this specific error handling.
-      if (user) (req as Express.Request).user = user; // Attach user if authentication succeeds
+      }
+      if (user) (req as Express.Request).user = user; // Attach user if authentication succeeds.
 
       next(); // Always proceed to the next middleware
     },

src/routes/personalization.routes.test.ts

@@ -106,4 +106,16 @@ describe('Personalization Routes (/api/personalization)', () => {
       );
     });
   });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should apply publicReadLimiter to GET /master-items', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.personalizationRepo.getAllMasterItems).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .get('/api/personalization/master-items')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+    });
+  });
 });

src/routes/personalization.routes.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Router, Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import * as db from '../services/db/index.db';
 import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
+import { publicReadLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = Router();
 
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ const emptySchema = z.object({});
  */
 router.get(
   '/master-items',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     try {
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ router.get(
  */
 router.get(
   '/dietary-restrictions',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     try {
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ router.get(
  */
 router.get(
   '/appliances',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(emptySchema),
   async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
     try {

src/routes/price.routes.test.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // src/routes/price.routes.test.ts
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import supertest from 'supertest';
+import type { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
 import { createTestApp } from '../tests/utils/createTestApp';
 import { mockLogger } from '../tests/utils/mockLogger';
+import { createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 
 // Mock the price repository
 vi.mock('../services/db/price.db', () => ({
@@ -17,12 +19,29 @@ vi.mock('../services/logger.server', async () => ({
   logger: (await import('../tests/utils/mockLogger')).mockLogger,
 }));
 
+// Mock the passport middleware
+vi.mock('./passport.routes', () => ({
+  default: {
+    authenticate: vi.fn(
+      (_strategy, _options) => (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+        // If req.user is not set by the test setup, simulate unauthenticated access.
+        if (!req.user) {
+          return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Unauthorized' });
+        }
+        // If req.user is set, proceed as an authenticated user.
+        next();
+      },
+    ),
+  },
+}));
+
 // Import the router AFTER other setup.
 import priceRouter from './price.routes';
 import { priceRepo } from '../services/db/price.db';
 
 describe('Price Routes (/api/price-history)', () => {
-  const app = createTestApp({ router: priceRouter, basePath: '/api/price-history' });
+  const mockUser = createMockUserProfile({ user: { user_id: 'price-user-123' } });
+  const app = createTestApp({ router: priceRouter, basePath: '/api/price-history', authenticatedUser: mockUser });
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
   });
@@ -130,4 +149,18 @@ describe('Price Routes (/api/price-history)', () => {
       expect(response.body.errors[1].message).toBe('Invalid input: expected number, received NaN');
     });
   });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should apply priceHistoryLimiter to POST /', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(priceRepo.getPriceHistory).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/price-history')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ masterItemIds: [1, 2] });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(50);
+    });
+  });
 });

src/routes/price.routes.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // src/routes/price.routes.ts
 import { Router, Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import passport from './passport.routes';
 import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
 import { priceRepo } from '../services/db/price.db';
 import { optionalNumeric } from '../utils/zodUtils';
+import { priceHistoryLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = Router();
 
@@ -26,21 +28,27 @@ type PriceHistoryRequest = z.infer<typeof priceHistorySchema>;
  * POST /api/price-history - Fetches historical price data for a given list of master item IDs.
  * This endpoint retrieves price points over time for specified master grocery items.
  */
-router.post('/', validateRequest(priceHistorySchema), async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
-  // Cast 'req' to the inferred type for full type safety.
-  const {
-    body: { masterItemIds, limit, offset },
-  } = req as unknown as PriceHistoryRequest;
-  req.log.info(
-    { itemCount: masterItemIds.length, limit, offset },
-    '[API /price-history] Received request for historical price data.',
-  );
-  try {
-    const priceHistory = await priceRepo.getPriceHistory(masterItemIds, req.log, limit, offset);
-    res.status(200).json(priceHistory);
-  } catch (error) {
-    next(error);
-  }
-});
+router.post(
+  '/',
+  passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
+  priceHistoryLimiter,
+  validateRequest(priceHistorySchema),
+  async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+    // Cast 'req' to the inferred type for full type safety.
+    const {
+      body: { masterItemIds, limit, offset },
+    } = req as unknown as PriceHistoryRequest;
+    req.log.info(
+      { itemCount: masterItemIds.length, limit, offset },
+      '[API /price-history] Received request for historical price data.',
+    );
+    try {
+      const priceHistory = await priceRepo.getPriceHistory(masterItemIds, req.log, limit, offset);
+      res.status(200).json(priceHistory);
+    } catch (error) {
+      next(error);
+    }
+  },
+);
 
 export default router;

src/routes/reactions.routes.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import supertest from 'supertest';
+import { createTestApp } from '../tests/utils/createTestApp';
+import { createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+
+// 1. Mock the Service Layer directly.
+vi.mock('../services/db/index.db', () => ({
+  reactionRepo: {
+    getReactions: vi.fn(),
+    getReactionSummary: vi.fn(),
+    toggleReaction: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock the logger to keep test output clean
+vi.mock('../services/logger.server', async () => ({
+  logger: (await import('../tests/utils/mockLogger')).mockLogger,
+}));
+
+// Mock Passport middleware
+vi.mock('./passport.routes', () => ({
+  default: {
+    authenticate: vi.fn(
+      () => (req: any, res: any, next: any) => {
+        // If we are testing the unauthenticated state (no user injected), simulate 401.
+        if (!req.user) {
+          return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Unauthorized' });
+        }
+        next();
+      },
+    ),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Import the router and mocked DB AFTER all mocks are defined.
+import reactionsRouter from './reactions.routes';
+import { reactionRepo } from '../services/db/index.db';
+import { mockLogger } from '../tests/utils/mockLogger';
+
+const expectLogger = expect.objectContaining({
+  info: expect.any(Function),
+  error: expect.any(Function),
+});
+
+describe('Reaction Routes (/api/reactions)', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /', () => {
+    const app = createTestApp({ router: reactionsRouter, basePath: '/api/reactions' });
+
+    it('should return a list of reactions', async () => {
+      const mockReactions = [{ id: 1, reaction_type: 'like', entity_id: '123' }];
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.getReactions).mockResolvedValue(mockReactions as any);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/reactions');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body).toEqual(mockReactions);
+      expect(reactionRepo.getReactions).toHaveBeenCalledWith({}, expectLogger);
+    });
+
+    it('should filter by query parameters', async () => {
+      const mockReactions = [{ id: 1, reaction_type: 'like' }];
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.getReactions).mockResolvedValue(mockReactions as any);
+      
+      const validUuid = '123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000';
+      const query = { userId: validUuid, entityType: 'recipe', entityId: '1' };
+
+      const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/reactions').query(query);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(reactionRepo.getReactions).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining(query),
+        expectLogger
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return 500 on database error', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('DB Error');
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.getReactions).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/reactions');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(mockLogger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { error },
+        'Error fetching user reactions'
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /summary', () => {
+    const app = createTestApp({ router: reactionsRouter, basePath: '/api/reactions' });
+
+    it('should return reaction summary for an entity', async () => {
+      const mockSummary = { like: 10, love: 5 };
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.getReactionSummary).mockResolvedValue(mockSummary as any);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .get('/api/reactions/summary')
+        .query({ entityType: 'recipe', entityId: '123' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body).toEqual(mockSummary);
+      expect(reactionRepo.getReactionSummary).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'recipe',
+        '123',
+        expectLogger
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return 400 if required parameters are missing', async () => {
+      const response = await supertest(app).get('/api/reactions/summary');
+      expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(response.body.errors[0].message).toContain('required');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 500 on database error', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('DB Error');
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.getReactionSummary).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .get('/api/reactions/summary')
+        .query({ entityType: 'recipe', entityId: '123' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(mockLogger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { error },
+        'Error fetching reaction summary'
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /toggle', () => {
+    const mockUser = createMockUserProfile({ user: { user_id: 'user-123' } });
+    const app = createTestApp({
+      router: reactionsRouter,
+      basePath: '/api/reactions',
+      authenticatedUser: mockUser,
+    });
+
+    const validBody = {
+      entity_type: 'recipe',
+      entity_id: '123',
+      reaction_type: 'like',
+    };
+
+    it('should return 201 when a reaction is added', async () => {
+      const mockResult = { ...validBody, id: 1, user_id: 'user-123' };
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.toggleReaction).mockResolvedValue(mockResult as any);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/reactions/toggle')
+        .send(validBody);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(201);
+      expect(response.body).toEqual({ message: 'Reaction added.', reaction: mockResult });
+      expect(reactionRepo.toggleReaction).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { user_id: 'user-123', ...validBody },
+        expectLogger
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should return 200 when a reaction is removed', async () => {
+      // Returning null/false from toggleReaction implies the reaction was removed
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.toggleReaction).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/reactions/toggle')
+        .send(validBody);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body).toEqual({ message: 'Reaction removed.' });
+    });
+
+    it('should return 400 if body is invalid', async () => {
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/reactions/toggle')
+        .send({ entity_type: 'recipe' }); // Missing other required fields
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(response.body.errors).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should return 401 if not authenticated', async () => {
+      const unauthApp = createTestApp({ router: reactionsRouter, basePath: '/api/reactions' });
+      const response = await supertest(unauthApp)
+        .post('/api/reactions/toggle')
+        .send(validBody);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(401);
+    });
+
+    it('should return 500 on database error', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('DB Error');
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.toggleReaction).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/reactions/toggle')
+        .send(validBody);
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(mockLogger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { error, body: validBody },
+        'Error toggling user reaction'
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should apply publicReadLimiter to GET /', async () => {
+      const app = createTestApp({ router: reactionsRouter, basePath: '/api/reactions' });
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.getReactions).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .get('/api/reactions')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+    });
+
+    it('should apply userUpdateLimiter to POST /toggle', async () => {
+      const mockUser = createMockUserProfile({ user: { user_id: 'user-123' } });
+      const app = createTestApp({
+        router: reactionsRouter,
+        basePath: '/api/reactions',
+        authenticatedUser: mockUser,
+      });
+      vi.mocked(reactionRepo.toggleReaction).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .post('/api/reactions/toggle')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ entity_type: 'recipe', entity_id: '1', reaction_type: 'like' });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(150);
+    });
+  });
+});

src/routes/reactions.routes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { Router, Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+import { reactionRepo } from '../services/db/index.db';
+import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
+import passport from './passport.routes';
+import { requiredString } from '../utils/zodUtils';
+import { UserProfile } from '../types';
+import { publicReadLimiter, reactionToggleLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
+
+const router = Router();
+
+// --- Zod Schemas for Reaction Routes ---
+
+const getReactionsSchema = z.object({
+  query: z.object({
+    userId: z.string().uuid().optional(),
+    entityType: z.string().optional(),
+    entityId: z.string().optional(),
+  }),
+});
+
+const toggleReactionSchema = z.object({
+  body: z.object({
+    entity_type: requiredString('entity_type is required.'),
+    entity_id: requiredString('entity_id is required.'),
+    reaction_type: requiredString('reaction_type is required.'),
+  }),
+});
+
+const getReactionSummarySchema = z.object({
+  query: z.object({
+    entityType: requiredString('entityType is required.'),
+    entityId: requiredString('entityId is required.'),
+  }),
+});
+
+// --- Routes ---
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/reactions - Fetches user reactions based on query filters.
+ * Supports filtering by userId, entityType, and entityId.
+ * This is a public endpoint.
+ */
+router.get(
+  '/',
+  publicReadLimiter,
+  validateRequest(getReactionsSchema),
+  async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+    try {
+      const { query } = getReactionsSchema.parse({ query: req.query });
+      const reactions = await reactionRepo.getReactions(query, req.log);
+      res.json(reactions);
+    } catch (error) {
+      req.log.error({ error }, 'Error fetching user reactions');
+      next(error);
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/reactions/summary - Fetches a summary of reactions for a specific entity.
+ * Example: /api/reactions/summary?entityType=recipe&entityId=123
+ * This is a public endpoint.
+ */
+router.get(
+  '/summary',
+  publicReadLimiter,
+  validateRequest(getReactionSummarySchema),
+  async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+    try {
+      const { query } = getReactionSummarySchema.parse({ query: req.query });
+      const summary = await reactionRepo.getReactionSummary(query.entityType, query.entityId, req.log);
+      res.json(summary);
+    } catch (error) {
+      req.log.error({ error }, 'Error fetching reaction summary');
+      next(error);
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/reactions/toggle - Toggles a user's reaction to an entity.
+ * This is a protected endpoint.
+ */
+router.post(
+  '/toggle',
+  reactionToggleLimiter,
+  passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
+  validateRequest(toggleReactionSchema),
+  async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+    const userProfile = req.user as UserProfile;
+    type ToggleReactionRequest = z.infer<typeof toggleReactionSchema>;
+    const { body } = req as unknown as ToggleReactionRequest;
+
+    try {
+      const reactionData = {
+        user_id: userProfile.user.user_id,
+        ...body,
+      };
+      const result = await reactionRepo.toggleReaction(reactionData, req.log);
+      if (result) {
+        res.status(201).json({ message: 'Reaction added.', reaction: result });
+      } else {
+        res.status(200).json({ message: 'Reaction removed.' });
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      req.log.error({ error, body }, 'Error toggling user reaction');
+      next(error);
+    }
+  },
+);
+
+export default router;

src/routes/recipe.routes.test.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // src/routes/recipe.routes.test.ts
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import supertest from 'supertest';
-import { createMockRecipe, createMockRecipeComment } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
+import { createMockRecipe, createMockRecipeComment, createMockUserProfile } from '../tests/utils/mockFactories';
 import { NotFoundError } from '../services/db/errors.db';
 import { createTestApp } from '../tests/utils/createTestApp';
 
@@ -16,9 +16,31 @@ vi.mock('../services/db/index.db', () => ({
   },
 }));
 
+// Mock AI Service
+vi.mock('../services/aiService.server', () => ({
+  aiService: {
+    generateRecipeSuggestion: vi.fn(),
+  },
+}));
+
+// Mock Passport
+vi.mock('./passport.routes', () => ({
+  default: {
+    authenticate: vi.fn(
+      () => (req: any, res: any, next: any) => {
+        if (!req.user) {
+          return res.status(401).json({ message: 'Unauthorized' });
+        }
+        next();
+      },
+    ),
+  },
+}));
+
 // Import the router and mocked DB AFTER all mocks are defined.
 import recipeRouter from './recipe.routes';
 import * as db from '../services/db/index.db';
+import { aiService } from '../services/aiService.server';
 import { mockLogger } from '../tests/utils/mockLogger';
 
 // Mock the logger to keep test output clean
@@ -229,4 +251,132 @@ describe('Recipe Routes (/api/recipes)', () => {
       expect(response.body.errors[0].message).toContain('received NaN');
     });
   });
+
+  describe('POST /suggest', () => {
+    const mockUser = createMockUserProfile({ user: { user_id: 'user-123' } });
+    const authApp = createTestApp({
+      router: recipeRouter,
+      basePath: '/api/recipes',
+      authenticatedUser: mockUser,
+    });
+
+    it('should return a recipe suggestion', async () => {
+      const ingredients = ['chicken', 'rice'];
+      const mockSuggestion = 'Chicken and Rice Casserole...';
+      vi.mocked(aiService.generateRecipeSuggestion).mockResolvedValue(mockSuggestion);
+
+      const response = await supertest(authApp)
+        .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+        .send({ ingredients });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.body).toEqual({ suggestion: mockSuggestion });
+      expect(aiService.generateRecipeSuggestion).toHaveBeenCalledWith(ingredients, expectLogger);
+    });
+
+    it('should return 503 if AI service returns null', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(aiService.generateRecipeSuggestion).mockResolvedValue(null);
+
+      const response = await supertest(authApp)
+        .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+        .send({ ingredients: ['water'] });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(503);
+      expect(response.body.message).toContain('unavailable');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 400 if ingredients list is empty', async () => {
+      const response = await supertest(authApp)
+        .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+        .send({ ingredients: [] });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(response.body.errors[0].message).toContain('At least one ingredient is required');
+    });
+
+    it('should return 401 if not authenticated', async () => {
+      const unauthApp = createTestApp({ router: recipeRouter, basePath: '/api/recipes' });
+      const response = await supertest(unauthApp)
+        .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+        .send({ ingredients: ['chicken'] });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(401);
+    });
+
+    it('should return 500 on service error', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('AI Error');
+      vi.mocked(aiService.generateRecipeSuggestion).mockRejectedValue(error);
+
+      const response = await supertest(authApp)
+        .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+        .send({ ingredients: ['chicken'] });
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(mockLogger.error).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        { error },
+        'Error generating recipe suggestion'
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting on /suggest', () => {
+    const mockUser = createMockUserProfile({ user: { user_id: 'rate-limit-user' } });
+    const authApp = createTestApp({
+      router: recipeRouter,
+      basePath: '/api/recipes',
+      authenticatedUser: mockUser,
+    });
+
+    it('should block requests after exceeding the limit when the opt-in header is sent', async () => {
+      // Arrange
+      const maxRequests = 20; // Limit is 20 per 15 mins
+      const ingredients = ['chicken', 'rice'];
+      vi.mocked(aiService.generateRecipeSuggestion).mockResolvedValue('A tasty suggestion');
+
+      // Act: Make maxRequests calls
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(authApp)
+          .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+          .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+          .send({ ingredients });
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+
+      // Act: Make one more call
+      const blockedResponse = await supertest(authApp)
+        .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true')
+        .send({ ingredients });
+
+      // Assert
+      expect(blockedResponse.status).toBe(429);
+      expect(blockedResponse.text).toContain('Too many AI generation requests');
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT block requests when the opt-in header is not sent', async () => {
+      const maxRequests = 22;
+      const ingredients = ['beef', 'potatoes'];
+      vi.mocked(aiService.generateRecipeSuggestion).mockResolvedValue('Another suggestion');
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < maxRequests; i++) {
+        const response = await supertest(authApp)
+          .post('/api/recipes/suggest')
+          .send({ ingredients });
+        expect(response.status).not.toBe(429);
+      }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting on Public Routes', () => {
+    it('should apply publicReadLimiter to GET /:recipeId', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.recipeRepo.getRecipeById).mockResolvedValue(createMockRecipe({}));
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .get('/api/recipes/1')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+      expect(parseInt(response.headers['ratelimit-limit'])).toBe(100);
+    });
+  });
 });

src/routes/recipe.routes.ts

@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 import { Router } from 'express';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import * as db from '../services/db/index.db';
+import { aiService } from '../services/aiService.server';
+import passport from './passport.routes';
 import { validateRequest } from '../middleware/validation.middleware';
 import { requiredString, numericIdParam, optionalNumeric } from '../utils/zodUtils';
+import { publicReadLimiter, suggestionLimiter } from '../config/rateLimiters';
 
 const router = Router();
 
@@ -28,11 +31,18 @@ const byIngredientAndTagSchema = z.object({
 
 const recipeIdParamsSchema = numericIdParam('recipeId');
 
+const suggestRecipeSchema = z.object({
+  body: z.object({
+    ingredients: z.array(z.string().min(1)).nonempty('At least one ingredient is required.'),
+  }),
+});
+
 /**
  * GET /api/recipes/by-sale-percentage - Get recipes based on the percentage of their ingredients on sale.
  */
 router.get(
   '/by-sale-percentage',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(bySalePercentageSchema),
   async (req, res, next) => {
     try {
@@ -52,6 +62,7 @@ router.get(
  */
 router.get(
   '/by-sale-ingredients',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(bySaleIngredientsSchema),
   async (req, res, next) => {
     try {
@@ -74,6 +85,7 @@ router.get(
  */
 router.get(
   '/by-ingredient-and-tag',
+  publicReadLimiter,
   validateRequest(byIngredientAndTagSchema),
   async (req, res, next) => {
     try {
@@ -94,7 +106,7 @@ router.get(
 /**
  * GET /api/recipes/:recipeId/comments - Get all comments for a specific recipe.
  */
-router.get('/:recipeId/comments', validateRequest(recipeIdParamsSchema), async (req, res, next) => {
+router.get('/:recipeId/comments', publicReadLimiter, validateRequest(recipeIdParamsSchema), async (req, res, next) => {
   try {
     // Explicitly parse req.params to coerce recipeId to a number
     const { params } = recipeIdParamsSchema.parse({ params: req.params });
@@ -109,7 +121,7 @@ router.get('/:recipeId/comments', validateRequest(recipeIdParamsSchema), async (
 /**
  * GET /api/recipes/:recipeId - Get a single recipe by its ID, including ingredients and tags.
  */
-router.get('/:recipeId', validateRequest(recipeIdParamsSchema), async (req, res, next) => {
+router.get('/:recipeId', publicReadLimiter, validateRequest(recipeIdParamsSchema), async (req, res, next) => {
   try {
     // Explicitly parse req.params to coerce recipeId to a number
     const { params } = recipeIdParamsSchema.parse({ params: req.params });
@@ -121,4 +133,32 @@ router.get('/:recipeId', validateRequest(recipeIdParamsSchema), async (req, res,
   }
 });
 
+/**
+ * POST /api/recipes/suggest - Generates a simple recipe suggestion from a list of ingredients.
+ * This is a protected endpoint.
+ */
+router.post(
+  '/suggest',
+  suggestionLimiter,
+  passport.authenticate('jwt', { session: false }),
+  validateRequest(suggestRecipeSchema),
+  async (req, res, next) => {
+    try {
+      const { body } = req as unknown as z.infer<typeof suggestRecipeSchema>;
+      const suggestion = await aiService.generateRecipeSuggestion(body.ingredients, req.log);
+
+      if (!suggestion) {
+        return res
+          .status(503)
+          .json({ message: 'AI service is currently unavailable or failed to generate a suggestion.' });
+      }
+
+      res.json({ suggestion });
+    } catch (error) {
+      req.log.error({ error }, 'Error generating recipe suggestion');
+      next(error);
+    }
+  },
+);
+
 export default router;

src/routes/stats.routes.test.ts

@@ -66,4 +66,16 @@ describe('Stats Routes (/api/stats)', () => {
       expect(response.body.errors.length).toBe(2);
     });
   });
+
+  describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
+    it('should apply publicReadLimiter to GET /most-frequent-sales', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(db.adminRepo.getMostFrequentSaleItems).mockResolvedValue([]);
+      const response = await supertest(app)
+        .get('/api/stats/most-frequent-sales')
+        .set('X-Test-Rate-Limit-Enable', 'true');
+
+      expect(response.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(response.headers).toHaveProperty('ratelimit-limit');
+    });
+  });
 });